UPSC CDS - The Living World 1000+ MCQ [Solved] PDF Download
Thursday 9th of March 2023
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1. The most important feature of all living systems is to
A. utilize oxygen to generate energy.
B. replicate the genetic information.
C. produce gametes.
D. utilize solar energy for metabolic activities.
Answer : B
A. utilize oxygen to generate energy.
B. replicate the genetic information.
C. produce gametes.
D. utilize solar energy for metabolic activities.
Answer : B
2. Which of the following statements (i - vi) are correct ?
(i) Growth cannot be taken as a defining property of living organism.
(ii) Dead organism does not grow.
(iii) Reproduction cannot be an all inclusive defining characteristic of living organisms.
(iv) No non-living object is capable of replicating itself.
(v) Metabolism in a test tube is non-living.
(vi) Metabolism is a defining feature of all living organisms.
A. (i) and (iii)
B. All except (v)
C. All except (iii)
D. All of these
Answer : B
(i) Growth cannot be taken as a defining property of living organism.
(ii) Dead organism does not grow.
(iii) Reproduction cannot be an all inclusive defining characteristic of living organisms.
(iv) No non-living object is capable of replicating itself.
(v) Metabolism in a test tube is non-living.
(vi) Metabolism is a defining feature of all living organisms.
A. (i) and (iii)
B. All except (v)
C. All except (iii)
D. All of these
Answer : B
3. One of the most important functions of botanical gardens is that
A. they provide a beautiful area for recreation.
B. one can observe tropical plants there.
C. they allow ex-situ conservation of germ plasm.
D. they provide the natural habitat for wildlife.
Answer : C
A. they provide a beautiful area for recreation.
B. one can observe tropical plants there.
C. they allow ex-situ conservation of germ plasm.
D. they provide the natural habitat for wildlife.
Answer : C
4. Binomial nomenclature means
A. one name given by two scientists.
B. one scientific name consisting of a generic and specific epithet.
C. two names, one latinized, other of a person.
D. two names of same plant.
Answer : B
A. one name given by two scientists.
B. one scientific name consisting of a generic and specific epithet.
C. two names, one latinized, other of a person.
D. two names of same plant.
Answer : B
5. Which of the following is not a characteristic of life?
A. Reproduction
B. Complex chemical organization
C. Adaptation to environmental changes
D. Differentiation from cells to tissues
Answer : D
A. Reproduction
B. Complex chemical organization
C. Adaptation to environmental changes
D. Differentiation from cells to tissues
Answer : D
6. The practical purpose of classification of living organisms is to
A. explain the origin of living organsims.
B. trace the evolution of living organsims.
C. name the living organisms.
D. facilitate identification of unknown organisms.
Answer : D
A. explain the origin of living organsims.
B. trace the evolution of living organsims.
C. name the living organisms.
D. facilitate identification of unknown organisms.
Answer : D
7. Cell division occurs _______ in plants and _______ in animals.
A. continuously, only upto a certain age
B. only upto a certain age, continuously
C. continuously, never
D. once, twice
Answer : A
A. continuously, only upto a certain age
B. only upto a certain age, continuously
C. continuously, never
D. once, twice
Answer : A
8. As we go from species to kingdom in a taxonomic hierachy, the number of common characteristics
A. will decrease.
B. will increase.
C. remain same.
D. may increase or decrease.
Answer : A
A. will decrease.
B. will increase.
C. remain same.
D. may increase or decrease.
Answer : A
9. Match column-I with column-II and choose the correct combination from the options given below.
A. A III; B IV; C I; D II
B. A IV; B III; C I; D II
C. A IV; B III; C II; D I
D. A IV; B I; C III; D II
Answer : B
| Column-I | Column-II |
|---|---|
| A. National Botanical | I. Carolus Linneaus Research Institute |
| B. Indian Botanical | II. Taxon Garden |
| C. Binomial | III. Howrah (India) Nomenclature |
| D. A unit of | IV. Lucknow classification |
A. A III; B IV; C I; D II
B. A IV; B III; C I; D II
C. A IV; B III; C II; D I
D. A IV; B I; C III; D II
Answer : B
10. Which of the following statements are correct?
(i) Genus comprises a group of related species.
(ii) Taxon represents a taxonomic group of individual organisms.
(iii) Family comprises a group of related genera.
(iv) Taxonomic category class includes related orders.
A. (i), (ii), and (iv)
B. (ii) and (iv)
C. (i), (iii) and (iv)
D. (ii), (iii) and (iv)
Answer : C
(i) Genus comprises a group of related species.
(ii) Taxon represents a taxonomic group of individual organisms.
(iii) Family comprises a group of related genera.
(iv) Taxonomic category class includes related orders.
A. (i), (ii), and (iv)
B. (ii) and (iv)
C. (i), (iii) and (iv)
D. (ii), (iii) and (iv)
Answer : C
11. Statement 1 : Taxon and category are different things.
Statement 2 : Category shows hierarchical classification.
A. Statement- 1 and statement-2 are true and statement-2 is a correct explanation for statement -1
B. Statement -1 and Statement -2 are true; statement-2 is not a correct explanation for statement - 1
C. Statement - 1 is true and statement- 2 is false
D. Both the statements are false.
Answer : A
Statement 2 : Category shows hierarchical classification.
A. Statement- 1 and statement-2 are true and statement-2 is a correct explanation for statement -1
B. Statement -1 and Statement -2 are true; statement-2 is not a correct explanation for statement - 1
C. Statement - 1 is true and statement- 2 is false
D. Both the statements are false.
Answer : A
12. Which two points are known as the twin characteristics of growth?
(i) Increase in mass
(ii) Differentiation
(iii) Increase in number of individuals
(iv) Response to stimuli
A. (i) and (ii)
B. (i) and (iv)
C. (ii) and (iii)
D. (i) and (iii)
Answer : D
(i) Increase in mass
(ii) Differentiation
(iii) Increase in number of individuals
(iv) Response to stimuli
A. (i) and (ii)
B. (i) and (iv)
C. (ii) and (iii)
D. (i) and (iii)
Answer : D
13. Which of the following shows the correct example of taxonomic category - Genus?
A. Potato, tomato and brinjal belong to Solanum.
B. Monkey, gorilla and gibbon placed in Mammalia.
C. Solanum, Petunia, and Datura placed in Solanacea.
D. Mangifera indica, Solanum tuberosum, and Panthera leo.
Answer : A
A. Potato, tomato and brinjal belong to Solanum.
B. Monkey, gorilla and gibbon placed in Mammalia.
C. Solanum, Petunia, and Datura placed in Solanacea.
D. Mangifera indica, Solanum tuberosum, and Panthera leo.
Answer : A
14. The taxonomic unit phylum in the classification of animals is equivalent to which hierarchial level in classification of plants ?
A. Class
B. Order
C. Division
D. Family
Answer : C
A. Class
B. Order
C. Division
D. Family
Answer : C
15. Which of the following statements regarding nomenclature is correct?
A. Generic name always begins with capital letter whereas specific name with small letter.
B. Scientific name should be printed in italics.
C. Scientific name when typed or handwritten should be underlined.
D. All of the above
Answer : D
A. Generic name always begins with capital letter whereas specific name with small letter.
B. Scientific name should be printed in italics.
C. Scientific name when typed or handwritten should be underlined.
D. All of the above
Answer : D
16. Match column-I (Biological name) with column-II (Class) and choose the correct option.
A. A IV; B II; C I; D III
B. A II; B IV; C III; D I
C. A II; B IV; C I; D III
D. A II; B I; C IV; D IIIAnswer : C
| Column-I | Column-II |
|---|---|
| (Biological name) | (Class) |
| A. Homo sapiens | I. Dicotyledonae |
| B. Musca domestica | II. Mammalia |
| C. Mangifera indica | III. Monocotyledonae |
| D. Triticum aestivum | IV. Insects |
A. A IV; B II; C I; D III
B. A II; B IV; C III; D I
C. A II; B IV; C I; D III
D. A II; B I; C IV; D III
17. Which of the following taxonomical aids is being described by the given statements (i-iv) ?
(i) They generally established in educational institutes.
(ii) They have collections of preserved plant and animal specimens for study and reference.
(iii) Insects are preserved in boxes after collecting, killing and pinning.
(iv) They often have collections of skeletons of animals too.
A. Herbarium
B. Museum
C. Zoological parks
D. Botanical gardens
Answer : B
(i) They generally established in educational institutes.
(ii) They have collections of preserved plant and animal specimens for study and reference.
(iii) Insects are preserved in boxes after collecting, killing and pinning.
(iv) They often have collections of skeletons of animals too.
A. Herbarium
B. Museum
C. Zoological parks
D. Botanical gardens
Answer : B
18. X being a higher category is the assemblage of families which exhibit a few Y characters. The Z characters are less in a number as compared to different genera included in a family. Identify X, Y, and Z.
A. X - Order; Y - Similar; Z - Similar
B. X - Genus; Y - Similar; Z - Different
C. X - Species; Y - Different; Z - Similar
D. X - Class; Y - Different; Z - Different
Answer : A
A. X - Order; Y - Similar; Z - Similar
B. X - Genus; Y - Similar; Z - Different
C. X - Species; Y - Different; Z - Similar
D. X - Class; Y - Different; Z - Different
Answer : A
19. Keys are generally _______ in nature.
A. physical
B. chemical
C. analytical
D. qualitative
Answer : C
A. physical
B. chemical
C. analytical
D. qualitative
Answer : C
20. ICBN stands for
A. International Code of Botanical Nomenclature
B. International Congress of Biological Names
C. Indian Code of Botanical Nomenclature
D. Indian Congress of Biological Names
Answer : A
A. International Code of Botanical Nomenclature
B. International Congress of Biological Names
C. Indian Code of Botanical Nomenclature
D. Indian Congress of Biological Names
Answer : A
21. Families are characterized on which of the following features of plant species?
A. External morphology
B. Anatomy of parts
C. Vegetative and reproductive parts
D. Seasonal similarities and variations
Answer : C
A. External morphology
B. Anatomy of parts
C. Vegetative and reproductive parts
D. Seasonal similarities and variations
Answer : C
22. Which of the following aspects is an exclusive characteristic of living things ?
A. Isolated metabolic reactions occur in vitro.
B. Increase in mass from inside only.
C. Perception of events happening in the environment and their memory.
D. Increase in mass by accumulation of material both on surface as well as internally.
Answer : C
A. Isolated metabolic reactions occur in vitro.
B. Increase in mass from inside only.
C. Perception of events happening in the environment and their memory.
D. Increase in mass by accumulation of material both on surface as well as internally.
Answer : C
23. Which one of the following is the first step in taxonomy ?
A. Naming
B. Description
C. Identification
D. Classification
Answer : C
A. Naming
B. Description
C. Identification
D. Classification
Answer : C
24. Which of the following statement(s) is/are correct ?
(i) All living organisms have ability to respond the environment stimuli which could be physical, chemical or biological.
(ii) Plants respond to external factors like light, water, temperature, other organisms, pollutants, etc.
(iii) Photoperiod affects the process of reproduction.
(iv) Human being is the only organism who has self consciousness.
A. Only (i)
B. Both (ii) and (iii)
C. Both (i) and (iv)
D. All of these
Answer : D
(i) All living organisms have ability to respond the environment stimuli which could be physical, chemical or biological.
(ii) Plants respond to external factors like light, water, temperature, other organisms, pollutants, etc.
(iii) Photoperiod affects the process of reproduction.
(iv) Human being is the only organism who has self consciousness.
A. Only (i)
B. Both (ii) and (iii)
C. Both (i) and (iv)
D. All of these
Answer : D
25. Genus represents
A. an individual plant or animal.
B. a collection of plants or animals.
C. group of closely related species of plants or animals.
D. none of the above.
Answer : C
A. an individual plant or animal.
B. a collection of plants or animals.
C. group of closely related species of plants or animals.
D. none of the above.
Answer : C
26. The famous botanical garden Kew is located in
A. England
B. Lucknow
C. Berlin
D. Australia
Answer : A
A. England
B. Lucknow
C. Berlin
D. Australia
Answer : A
27. Which of the following statement(s) is/are not correct ?
(i) Genus comprises a group of related species which has more characters in common in comparison to species of other genera.
(ii) Three different genera such as Solanum, Datura and Petunia are placed in the family malvaceae.
(iii) In case of plants, classes with a few similar characters are assigned to a higher category called phylum.
A. Both (i) and (ii)
B. Only (iii)
C. Both (ii) and (iii)
D. All of these
Answer : C
(i) Genus comprises a group of related species which has more characters in common in comparison to species of other genera.
(ii) Three different genera such as Solanum, Datura and Petunia are placed in the family malvaceae.
(iii) In case of plants, classes with a few similar characters are assigned to a higher category called phylum.
A. Both (i) and (ii)
B. Only (iii)
C. Both (ii) and (iii)
D. All of these
Answer : C
28. Which of the following taxonomic aid provides information for the identification of names of species found in an area?
A. Monograph
B. Manual
C. Flora
D. Periodical
Answer : B
A. Monograph
B. Manual
C. Flora
D. Periodical
Answer : B
29. Which of the following are unique features of living organisms?
A. Growth and reproduction
B. Reproduction and ability to sense environment
C. Metabolism and interaction
D. All of the above
Answer : D
A. Growth and reproduction
B. Reproduction and ability to sense environment
C. Metabolism and interaction
D. All of the above
Answer : D
30. Select the correct statements (i-v) regarding taxonomic categories.
(i) Each step or rank in hierarchy is called taxonomic category.
(ii) Species is a group of individual organisms with fundamental similarities capable of breeding among themselves.
(iii) Taxonomic studies of all unknown organisms have led to the development of common categories like kingdom, phylum or division, class, order, family, genus and species.
(iv) Lower the category, greater is the difficulty of determining the relationship to other taxa at the same level.
A. (i) & (ii) only
B. (ii) & (iv) only
C. (i), (ii) & (iii) only
D. All of the above
Answer : A
(i) Each step or rank in hierarchy is called taxonomic category.
(ii) Species is a group of individual organisms with fundamental similarities capable of breeding among themselves.
(iii) Taxonomic studies of all unknown organisms have led to the development of common categories like kingdom, phylum or division, class, order, family, genus and species.
(iv) Lower the category, greater is the difficulty of determining the relationship to other taxa at the same level.
A. (i) & (ii) only
B. (ii) & (iv) only
C. (i), (ii) & (iii) only
D. All of the above
Answer : A
31. Taxon is a
A. unit of classification.
B. species.
C. highest rank of classification.
D. group of closely related organisms.
Answer : D
A. unit of classification.
B. species.
C. highest rank of classification.
D. group of closely related organisms.
Answer : D
32. Which of the following factors exclusively affects reproduction in seasonal breeders, both plants and animals?
A. Water
B. Temperature
C. Photoperiod
D. All of these
Answer : C
A. Water
B. Temperature
C. Photoperiod
D. All of these
Answer : C
33. Which of the following statements are correct about herbarium?
A. It is a store house of collected plant specimens that are dried and preserved on sheets.
B. Herbarium sheets contain information about date and place of collection, names, family, collectors name, etc.
C. It serves as quick referral systems in taxonomical studies.
D. All of the above
Answer : D
A. It is a store house of collected plant specimens that are dried and preserved on sheets.
B. Herbarium sheets contain information about date and place of collection, names, family, collectors name, etc.
C. It serves as quick referral systems in taxonomical studies.
D. All of the above
Answer : D
34. Which of the following statements is incorrect?
A. The scientific name for humans is Homo sapiens.
B. Organisms placed inthe same genus are least closely related.
C. Moving from species to kingdom, more different species are included in each higher category.
D. Species that are in the same genus share very specific characteristics.
Answer : B
A. The scientific name for humans is Homo sapiens.
B. Organisms placed inthe same genus are least closely related.
C. Moving from species to kingdom, more different species are included in each higher category.
D. Species that are in the same genus share very specific characteristics.
Answer : B
35. In majority of higher animals and plants, _____ and _____ are mutually exclusive events.
A. growth; nutrition
B. nutrition; consciousness
C. growth; reproduction
D. reproduction; consciousness
Answer : C
A. growth; nutrition
B. nutrition; consciousness
C. growth; reproduction
D. reproduction; consciousness
Answer : C
36. The disadvantage of using common names for species is that
A. the names may change.
B. one name does not apply universally.
C. one species may have several common names and one common name may be applied to two species.
D. all of the above
Answer : D
A. the names may change.
B. one name does not apply universally.
C. one species may have several common names and one common name may be applied to two species.
D. all of the above
Answer : D
37. Which of the following taxonomic categories is being described by the given statements (i-iii) ?
(i) It is the basic unit of classification.
(ii) It is defined as the group of individuals which resemble in their morphological and reproductive characters and interbreed among themselves and produce fertile offsprings.
(iii) Human beings belong to the species sapiens which is grouped in the genus Homo.
A. Species
B. Genus
C. Order
D. Family
Answer : A
(i) It is the basic unit of classification.
(ii) It is defined as the group of individuals which resemble in their morphological and reproductive characters and interbreed among themselves and produce fertile offsprings.
(iii) Human beings belong to the species sapiens which is grouped in the genus Homo.
A. Species
B. Genus
C. Order
D. Family
Answer : A
38. Each category of taxonomic hierarchy refers to as a unit of ______.
A. systematic
B. identification
C. nomenclature
D. classification
Answer : D
A. systematic
B. identification
C. nomenclature
D. classification
Answer : D
39. Which of the following characters given below displays the description of lowest taxonomic category of the organisms of plant and animal kingdom?
A. It includes one or more than one order.
B. It is a group containing one or more families.
C. It is a group of related individuals that resemble one another.
D. It is a group of organisms that are closely related and share similar characteristics.
Answer : C
A. It includes one or more than one order.
B. It is a group containing one or more families.
C. It is a group of related individuals that resemble one another.
D. It is a group of organisms that are closely related and share similar characteristics.
Answer : C
40. Which of the following is the only taxonomic categories that has a real existence?
A. Phylum
B. Species
C. Genus
D. Kingdom
Answer : B
A. Phylum
B. Species
C. Genus
D. Kingdom
Answer : B
41. In multicellular organisms, _____ refers to the production of progeny possessing features more or less similar to those of parents.
A. growth
B. reproduction
C. metabolism
D. consciousness
Answer : B
A. growth
B. reproduction
C. metabolism
D. consciousness
Answer : B
42. Which of the following statement(s) is/are not correct ?
(i) Reproduction is the production of progeny possessing features dissimilar to their parents.
(ii) The fungi, the filamentous algae, the protonema of mosses, all multiply by budding.
(iii) Many organisms like mules, sterile worker bees do not reproduce.
(iv) Reproduction is not an all-inclusive defining characteristic of living organisms.
A. Only (i)
B. Both (i) and (ii)
C. Both (ii) and (iv)
D. All of these
Answer : B
(i) Reproduction is the production of progeny possessing features dissimilar to their parents.
(ii) The fungi, the filamentous algae, the protonema of mosses, all multiply by budding.
(iii) Many organisms like mules, sterile worker bees do not reproduce.
(iv) Reproduction is not an all-inclusive defining characteristic of living organisms.
A. Only (i)
B. Both (i) and (ii)
C. Both (ii) and (iv)
D. All of these
Answer : B
43. Couplet represents the choice made between two opposite options which results in
A. rejection of both the option.
B. acceptance of both the option.
C. either acceptance or rejection of both the option.
D. acceptance of only one and rejection of the other.
Answer : D
A. rejection of both the option.
B. acceptance of both the option.
C. either acceptance or rejection of both the option.
D. acceptance of only one and rejection of the other.
Answer : D
44. Taxa differs from taxon due to being
A. a higher taxonomic category than taxon.
B. lower taxonomic category than taxon.
C. the plural of taxon.
D. the singular of taxon.
Answer : C
A. a higher taxonomic category than taxon.
B. lower taxonomic category than taxon.
C. the plural of taxon.
D. the singular of taxon.
Answer : C
45. The order generally ends with
A. ales
B. aceae
C. eae
D. none of these
Answer : A
A. ales
B. aceae
C. eae
D. none of these
Answer : A
46. Which one of the following animals is correctly matched with its particular named taxonomic category ?
A. Tiger Tigris, the species
B. Cuttle fish Mollusca, a class
C. Humans Primata, the family
D. Housefly Musca, an order
Answer : A
A. Tiger Tigris, the species
B. Cuttle fish Mollusca, a class
C. Humans Primata, the family
D. Housefly Musca, an order
Answer : A
47. In printed scientific names, only the ______ is capitalized.
A. class
B. species
C. genus
D. family
Answer : C
A. class
B. species
C. genus
D. family
Answer : C
48. The sum total of all the chemical reactions occurring in our body is known as
A. metabolism
B. growth
C. regeneration
D. reproduction
Answer : A
A. metabolism
B. growth
C. regeneration
D. reproduction
Answer : A
49. Match the common name given in column I with their taxonomic category family given in column II and choose the correct combination from the options given below.
A. A IV, B III, C II, D I
B. A IV, B III, C I, D II
C. A I, B II, C III, D IV
D. A I, B III, C II, D IV
Answer : A
| Column-I | Column-II |
|---|---|
| (Common Name) | (Taxonomic categoryFamily) |
| A. Man | I. Poaceae |
| B. Datura | II. Anacardiaceae |
| C. Mango | III. Solanaceae |
| D. Wheat | IV. Hominidae |
A. A IV, B III, C II, D I
B. A IV, B III, C I, D II
C. A I, B II, C III, D IV
D. A I, B III, C II, D IV
Answer : A
50. Statement 1: Information given on the label of herbarium sheets does not include family.
Statement 2: Families are characterized on the basis of reproductive features of plant species only.
A. Statement 1 and 2 are true and statement 2 is the correct explanation for statement 1.
B. Statement 1 and 2 are true but statement 2 is not a correct explanation for statement 1.
C. Statement 1 is true and statement 2is false.
D. Both the statements are false.
Answer : D
Statement 2: Families are characterized on the basis of reproductive features of plant species only.
A. Statement 1 and 2 are true and statement 2 is the correct explanation for statement 1.
B. Statement 1 and 2 are true but statement 2 is not a correct explanation for statement 1.
C. Statement 1 is true and statement 2is false.
D. Both the statements are false.
Answer : D
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