Power absorbing machines
Power developing machines
Energy transfer machines
Energy generating machines
C. Energy transfer machines
Horizontal
Nearly horizontal
Steep
First rise and then fall
Waste valve closes suddenly
Supply pipe is long
Supply pipe is short
Ram chamber is large
Two jets
Two runners
Four jets
Four runners
0 to 4.5
10 to 100
80 to 200
250 to 300
Centrifugal
Axial flow
Reciprocating
Mixed flow
Power produced by the turbine to the energy actually supplied by the turbine
Actual work available at the turbine to energy imparted to the wheel
Workdone on the wheel to the energy (or head of water) actually supplied to the turbine
None of the above
Centrifugal pump
Reciprocating pump
Air lift pump
Screw pump
2 to 4
4 to 8
8 to 16
16 to 24
They have slow speeds
They are suitable even for low water heads
They give constant efficiency, even if the discharge is not constant
All of the above
(N√Q)/H2/3
(N√Q)/H3/4
(N√Q)/H
(N√Q)/H5/4
To transport water downstream without eddies
To convert the kinetic energy to flow energy by a gradual expansion of the flow cross-section
For safety of turbine
To increase flow rate
4
6
8
12
175.4 r.p.m.
215.5 r.p.m.
241.5 r.p.m.
275.4 r.p.m
39.2 %
49.2 %
68.8 %
84.8 %
Have identical velocities
Are equal in size and shape
Are identical in shape, but differ only in size
Have identical forces
Radial
Axial
Centrifugal
Vortex
Slow speed with radial flow at outlet
Medium speed with radial flow at outlet
High speed with radial flow at outlet
High speed with mixed flow at outlet
Inlet of draft rube
Blade inlet
Guide blade
Penstock
The suction pressure should be high
The delivery pressure should be high
The suction pressure should be low
The delivery pressure should be low
waV / 2g
waV / g
waV² / 2g
waV² / g
0.25 kW
0.75 kW
1.75 kW
3.75 kW
Closed
Open
Depends on starting condition and flow desired
Could be either open or closed
1/√2
1/2
1
√2
Increases with increase in pressure
Decreases with increase in pressure
More or less remains constant with increase in pressure
Unpredictable
Potential Energy
Strain Energy
Kinetic energy
None of these
Increases
Decreases
Remain unaffected
First increases and then decreases
Designing new impeller
Trimming the impeller size to the required size by machining
Not possible
Some other alterations in the impeller
Geometric similarity
Kinematic similarity
Dynamic similarity
None of these
Accumulating oil
Supplying large quantities of oil for very short duration
Generally high pressures to operate hydraulic machines
Supplying energy when main supply fails
Centrifugal pump
Mixed flow pump
Axial flow pump
Any one of the above