star fish
cartilagenous fish
jellyfish
cuttlefish
pinnae
four-chambered heart
movement on two limbs only
diaphragm
primitive burrowing egg laying mammal
advanced egg laying reptile
primitive egg laying reptile
primitive aquatic egg laying animal
absence of walking legs
absence of mandibles
absence of wings
presence of walking legs
morphology
Phylogeny
both (a) and (b)
ontogeny
Ascaris
Planaria
Rotifer
Sea anemone
Pisces, Amphibia, Reptilia, Mammalia
Pisces, Reptilia, Amphibia, Mammalia
Amphibia, Pisces, Reptilia, Mammalia
Amphibia, Reptilia, Pisces, Mammalia
protostomes
deuterostomes
cyclostomes
blastostomes
Annelida
Platyhelminthes
Echinodermata
Mollusca
Lizard
Frog
Rabbit
Cuttlefish
long incisors
short incisors
long canines
long molars
tortoise
turtles
sea hares
none of these
Insecta
Protozoa
Mammalia
Aves
protozoa
invertebrate
nonchordata
chordata
parasitic flatworms
free living flatworms
parasitic tapeworms
free living tapeworms
an artificial system of classification
a natural system of classification
a system based on phylogeny
none of these
Hydra
Earthworm
Cockroach
Centipede
flat worms
roundworms
tapeworms
blind worms
Cetacea
Primates
Rodentia
Chiroptera
Hydra
Earthworm
Centipede
Cockroach
fishes with a sinlge gill aperture
insects with a single pair of functional spiracles
mammals with a single common cloacal opening
protozoans with single flagellum
tracheae
book lungs
gills
skin
Cydostomata
Fishes
Reptiles
Mammals
Sporozoa - infection by sporozoites transmission by intermediate host and a contractile vacuole
Trematoda - well developed suckers, flat and unsegmented body
Arachnida - 3 pairs of legs, chitinous exosketeton and poisonous sting
Insecta - compound eyes, segmented body and nephridia
Gills
Spiracles
Post anal tail
Chitious skeleton
Annelida, Porifera and Mammals as phyla
Hydrozoa, Mollusca and chordata as phyla
Protozoa, Reptilia and Mammalia as classes
Insecta, Cephalopoda and Aves as classes
solid ventral nerve cord
dorsal tubular nerve cord
paired nerve cords
ganglionated nerve cord
earthworm
snake
frog
cow
Flame cellsplatyhelminthes
Stinging cellscoelenterata
Metameric segmentationmollusca
Gill slitschordata
homologous structures
analogous structures
both (a) and (b
integumentary derivatives