Elements
Compounds
Atoms
Molecules
External energy
Internal energy
Kinetic energy
Molecular energy
Load/original cross-sectional area and change in length/original length
Load/ instantaneous cross-sectional area and loge (original area/ instantaneous area)
Load/ instantaneous cross-sectional area and change in length/ original length
Load/ instantaneous area and instantaneous area/original area
Wood charcoal
Bituminous coal
Briquetted coal
None of these
23.97 bar
25 bar
26.03 bar
34.81 bar
Homogeneous
Inelastic
Isotropic
Isentropic
Two constant volume and two isentropic processes
Two constant pressure and two isentropic processes
Two constant volume and two isothermal processes
One constant pressure, one constant volume and two isentropic processes
(σx/2) + (1/2) × √(σx² + 4 τ²xy)
(σx/2) - (1/2) × √(σx² + 4 τ²xy)
(σx/2) + (1/2) × √(σx² - 4 τ²xy)
(1/2) × √(σx² + 4 τ²xy)
Lap joint
Butt joint
Single riveted single cover butt joint
Double riveted double cover butt joint
Temperature limits
Pressure ratio
Compression ratio
Cut-off ratio and compression ratio
Change the shape of the beam
Effect the saving in material
Equalise the strength in tension and compression
Increase the cross-section of the beam
Resilience
Proof resilience
Modulus of resilience
Toughness
Joule (J)
Joule metre (Jm)
Watt (W)
Joule/metre (J/m)
(23/100) × Mass of excess carbon
(23/100) × Mass of excess oxygen
(100/23) × Mass of excess carbon
(100/23) × Mass of excess oxygen
Principal stress
Tensile stress
Compressive stress
Shear stress
It is made of thick sheets
The internal pressure is very high
The ratio of wall thickness of the vessel to its diameter is less than 1/10.
The ratio of wall thickness of the vessel to its diameter is greater than 1/10.
Carnot cycle
Bell-Coleman cycle
Rankine cycle
Stirling cycle
Change in volume to original volume
Change in length to original length
Change in cross-sectional area to original cross-sectional area
Any one of the above
l/8
l/4
l/2
l
Pulverised coal
Brown coal
Coking bituminous coal
Non-coking bituminous coal
Two isothermals and two isentropic
Two isentropic and two constant volumes
Two isentropic, one constant volume and one constant pressure
Two isentropic and two constant pressures
0.5 s.l.σt
s.l.σt
√2 s.l.σt
2.s.l.σt
Pressure
Volume
Temperature
Density
Petrol
Kerosene
Fuel oil
Lubricating oil
50 %
25 %
0 %
15 %
1 g
10 g
100 g
1000 g
Low
Very low
High
Very high
Boyle's law
Charles' law
Gay-Lussac law
Avogadro's law
Tensile
Compressive
Shear
Zero
Short columns
Long columns
Both short and long columns
Weak columns