1 : 1
5 : 1
10 : 1
15 : 1
C. 10 : 1
75% iso-octane and 25% normal heptane
75% normal heptane and 25% iso-octane
75% petrol and 25% diesel
75% diesel and 25% petrol
Otto cycle
Joule cycle
Rankine cycle
Stirling cycle
Kerosene
Gasoline
Paraffin
Natural gas
Ignition coil
Spark plug
Carburettor
Fuel injector
Cylinder walls being too hot
Overheated spark plug points
Red hot carbon deposits on cylinder walls
Any one of these
Calorific value of oil
Low heat value of
High heat value of oil
Mean heat value of oil
1 sec
0.1 sec
0.01 sec
0.001 sec
Single cylinder petrol engine
Four stroke engine
Single cylinder diesel engine
Multi cylinder engine
Not effected
Decrease
Increase
None of these
Chemically correct air-fuel ratio by weight
Chemically correct air-fuel ratio by volume
Actual air-fuel ratio for maximum efficiency
None of the above
Inlet valve closing after bottom dead centre
Inlet valve closing before bottom dead centre
Inlet valve opening before top dead centre
Exhaust valve closing after top dead centre
Clearance volume
Volumetric efficiency
Ignition time
Effective compression ratio
Homogeneous
Heterogeneous
Both (A) and (B)
Laminar
0.2 kg
0.25 kg
0.3 kg
0.35 kg
1 - rγ - 1
1 + rγ - 1
1 - (1/rγ - 1)
None of these
Low power will be produced
Efficiency will be low
Higher knocking will occur
Black smoke will be produced
2-stroke cycle engines
4-stroke cycle engines
Aeroplane engines
High efficiency engines
2-stroke petrol engine
4-stroke petrol engine
Diesel engine
Steam turbine
Four stroke C.I. engine, four stroke S.I. engine, two stroke S.I. engine
Four stroke S.I. engine, four stroke C.I. engine, two stroke S.I. engine
Four stroke C.I. engine, two stroke S.I. engine, four stroke S.I. engine
Two stroke S.I. engine, four stroke S.I. engine, four stroke C.I. engine
1 valve
2 valves
3 valves
4 valves
Opens at 20° before top dead center and closes at 35° after the bottom dead center
Opens at top dead center and closes at bottom dead center
Opens at 10° after top dead center and closes 20° before the bottom dead center
May open or close anywhere
6 to 10
10 to 15
15 to 25
25 to 40
2 %
4 %
8 %
14 %
9 : 1
12 : 1
15 : 1
18 : 1
Requires smaller foundation
Is lighter
Consumes less lubricating oil
All of these
Short delay period
Late auto-ignition
Low compression ratio
High self ignition temperature of fuel
Equal to
Below
Above
None of these
0
50
100
120
Enhanced by decreasing compression ratio
Enhanced by increasing compression ratio
Dependent on other factors
None of the above
Lean
Rich
Chemically correct
None of these