Recovery measures.
Security measures.
Concurrency measures.
uthorization measures.
A. Recovery measures.
Primary storage
Secondary Storage
All
Tertiary Storage
Commit overhead
Data fragmentation
Garbage collection
All of these
Chain
Network
Tree
Relational
Clustered
Hashed
Un-clustered
Collision
data redundancy increases
data is dependent on programs
data is integrated and can be accessed by multiple programs
none of the above
left outer join
right outer join
full outer join
inner join
IX
IS
S
SIX
distinct values
cannot have NULL
both (A) & (B)
same as primary key
DISTINCT
NO DUPLICATE
UNIQUE
None of the above
Transaction management component of DBMS
Application Programmer
Concurrency control component of DBMS
Recovery management component of DBMS
With finer degree of granularity of locking a high degree of concurrency is possible.
Locking prevents non-serializable schedules.
Locking cannot take place at field level.
An exclusive lock on data item X is granted even if a shared lock is already held on X.
an attribute
a tuple
a criteria
a relation
Query languages and utilities
DML and query language
Data dictionary and transaction log
Data dictionary and query language
Standard query language
Sequential query language
Structured query language
Server side query language
Like
COMPARE
BETWEEN
IN
Network model.
Relational model.
Hierarchical model.
File based system.
programming
navigation
functioning
notification
Create table Employee(EMPNO int, EMPNAME char(10));
Create table Employee(EMPNO integer, EMPNAME String(10));
Create table Emplo(EMPNO number, EMPNAME string);
Create table Emp(EMPNO int, EMPNAME char(10));
No functional dependencies (FDs) exist.
No multivalued dependencies (MVDs) exist.
No partial FDs exist.
No partial MVDs exist.
Relation
Tuple
Database
Domain
read Q
write Q
both read and write Q
write Q but not read Q
Schema
Tuple
Domain
Relational
First normal form.
Second normal form.
Third normal form.
Fourth normal form.
data is defined separately and not included in programs.
programs are not dependent on the physical attributes of data
programs are not dependent on the logical attributes of data
both B and C
ALTER TABLE Staff ALTER position DROP DEFAULT;
ALTER TABLE Staff ALTER position DEFAULT;
ALTER TABLE Staff ALTER DROP DEFAULT;
MODIFY Staff ALTER position DROP DEFAULT;
Edgar. W
Edward Stephen
Edgar F. Codd
Edward Codd
partially committed
active
committed
none of the above
Union
Intersection
Cartesian Product
Select
Two - phase locking
Graph-based locking
Time-stamp based locking
None of these .
Double lines
Single line
Dashed lines
Triangle