A. . The second most common RCC subtype is:

B. collecting duct b. clear cell

C. papillary

D. chromophobe

A. RCC occurs in < 5% of patients with tuberous sclerosis

B. in glomerulocystic kidney disease, renal tumors are typically solitary, large, with central necrosis

C. in Von Hippel-Lindau syndrome, renal tumors are frequently bilateral and multicentric

D. in acquired cystic disease, tumors are commonly bilateral, and metastatic in 15% of cases

A. is > 90% in Bosniak type IV renal cysts

B. in patients receiving renal transplants for polycystic kidney disease is 48% higher than that expected in the general population

C. all of the above

D. simple renal cysts might turn malignant in < 4% of cases

A. physically active patients with good performance status

B. extirpation of the primary tumor

C. long disease-free interval between initial nephrectomy and the emergence of secondaries

D. all of the above

A. . What is an indication for radical nephrectomy?

B. a 6-cm, polar tumor

C. bilateral RCC

D. locally advanced RCC

A. hepatic cysts are the most common extra-renal manifestation

B. might experience cyst hemorrhage, renal infection, or nephrolithiasis

C. typically, complain of flank pain or intermittent hematuria in the early twenties

D. hypertension and CRF commonly occur in the fifth decade of life

A. papillary RCC

B. renal metastases

C. renal oncocytoma

D. renal xanthogranuloma

A. margin status and grade

B. tumor size

C. tumor stage

D. the time interval between the tumor emergence and excision

A. they follow a benign clinical course

B. they have a bimodal age distribution

C. they are more common in men than in women

D. none of the above

A. . Manifestations of paraneoplastic syndrome associated with RCC include all of the following, EXCEPT:

B. anemia and erythrocytosis

C. hepatic dysfunction and elevated human chorionic gonadotropin levels

D. hypocalcemia

A. . What is false regarding radical nephrectomy operation?

B. nodal involvement doesn`t influence prognosis

C. renal artery should be ligated before the vein to avoid kidney ballooning

D. cardiopulmonary bypass with deep hypothermic circulatory arrest is performed in patients with supra-diaphragmatic tumor thrombi

A. acquired cystic renal disease

B. juvenile nephronophthisis

C. medullary sponge kidney

D. bilateral multicystic dysplastic kidney

A. papillary subtype of RCC has a tendency to multifocality

B. chromosome 13 alterations are common in the development of clear cell renal carcinoma

C. a solid mass on CT that enhances more than 15 HU is suggestive of RCC

D. bilateral involvement in RCC either synchronously or metachronously occurs in 2% to 4% of patients

A. never

B. unlikely

C. likely

D. always

A. autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD)

B. developmental cystic renal disease

C. inherited cystic renal disease

D. systemic disease with associated renal cysts

A. mutations in the MCKD1 (chromosome 1q21) gene

B. mutations in the MCKD2 (chromosome 16q12) gene

C. inherited in an autosomal dominant fashion

D. all of the above

A. is the first and most reliable radiologic examination to study IVC thrombi

B. is reserved for patients with equivocal MRI or CT findings

C. is obsolete and has fallen out of use

D. carries a risk of IVC terrible bleeding that outweighs the diagnostic merits

A. I

B. II

C. III

D. IV

A. 80%

B. 85%

C. 90%

D. 95%

A. at autopsy

B. by staining positive for human melanoma black (HMB)-45

C. by fine-needle aspiration cytology

D. by exclusion

A. most classic AMLs eventually undergo malignant transformation to sarcomatoid and epithelioid AML

B. the preferred treatment is nephroureterectomy followed by active surveillance

C. angiographic embolization and/or nephron-sparing surgery is advised for symptomatic AMLs greater than 4 cm

D. extra-renal sites include the pancreas, salivary glands, and thyroids

A. RCC

B. AML

C. teratoma

D. any of the above

A. autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease

B. autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease

C. multicystic dysplastic kidney disease

D. juvenile nephronophthisis

A. glomerulocystic kidney disease

B. developmental cystic renal disease

C. Juvenile nephronophthisis

D. medullary cystic kidney disease

A. . What is the most common histologic subtype of renal sarcomas?

B. rhabdomyosarcoma

C. nephrosarcoma

D. leiomyosarcoma

A. renal oncocytoma

B. multiloculated cystic nephromas

C. metanephric adenoma

D. adenoma with clear cell

A. . What is NOT an indication for simple nephrectomy?

B. symptomatic chronic renal infection with poor function

C. some cases of renovascular hypertension

D. symptomatic calculus disease with poor renal function

A. . Metastatic tumors to the kidney are common from all of the following organs, EXCEPT:

B. lungs

C. thyroid

D. breasts

A. radiographically, it is indistinguishable from RCC

B. has a female predominance

C. has a benign clinical course

D. has a peak incidence in the third decade of life

A. abdominal CT

B. chest X-ray

C. renal function test

D. liver function test

A. clear cell

B. chromophobe

C. papillary

D. renal medullary