. What is false concerning targeted molecular therapy?
is a personalized medical therapy devised to meet each persons individual needs for cancer`s specifications
treats cancer by interrupting unique molecular abnormalities that drive cancer growth
some cancer types have different molecular targets
D. some cancer types have different molecular targets
hyperattenuating renal cyst
solitary renal cyst
uncomplicated renal cyst
focal renal cyst
chest X-ray and abdominal ultrasonography every 3 months for the first year, and then annually for 3 years
annual chest X-ray for 3 years
abdominal and chest CT every 6 months for the first year, and then annually for 3 years
no radiological examination required
glomerulocystic kidney disease (GCKD)
Juvenile nephronophthisis (JNPHP)
medullary cystic kidney disease
all of the above
most classic AMLs eventually undergo malignant transformation to sarcomatoid and epithelioid AML
the preferred treatment is nephroureterectomy followed by active surveillance
angiographic embolization and/or nephron-sparing surgery is advised for symptomatic AMLs greater than 4 cm
extra-renal sites include the pancreas, salivary glands, and thyroids
autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD)
developmental cystic renal disease
inherited cystic renal disease
systemic disease with associated renal cysts
type II DM, especially in males
hypertension
obesity, especially in females
cigarette smoking
multiloculated cystic nephromas
angiomyolipoma
metanephric adenoma
adenoma with clear cell
I
II
III
IV
< - 10 HU
< - 20 HU
< 10 HU
< 20 HU
. Metastatic tumors to the kidney are common from all of the following organs, EXCEPT:
lungs
thyroid
breasts
1
2
3
4
never
unlikely
likely
always
fibrosarcoma
leiomyosarcoma
carcinoid
adult Wilm`s tumor
acquired cystic renal disease
juvenile nephronophthisis
medullary sponge kidney
bilateral multicystic dysplastic kidney
. What is NOT an indication for simple nephrectomy?
symptomatic chronic renal infection with poor function
some cases of renovascular hypertension
symptomatic calculus disease with poor renal function
80%
85%
90%
95%
male gender
hypertension
renal insufficiency
all of the above
. What is false concerning targeted molecular therapy?
is a personalized medical therapy devised to meet each persons individual needs for cancer`s specifications
treats cancer by interrupting unique molecular abnormalities that drive cancer growth
some cancer types have different molecular targets
is the first and most reliable radiologic examination to study IVC thrombi
is reserved for patients with equivocal MRI or CT findings
is obsolete and has fallen out of use
carries a risk of IVC terrible bleeding that outweighs the diagnostic merits
margin status and grade
tumor size
tumor stage
the time interval between the tumor emergence and excision
. What is the relapse rate for completely resected RCC after radical nephrectomy?
1- 10%
10 - 20%
20 - 30%
70 - 85%
55 - 70%
40 - 55%
25 - 40%
abdominal CT
chest X-ray
renal function test
liver function test
. What is false regarding radical nephrectomy operation?
nodal involvement doesn`t influence prognosis
renal artery should be ligated before the vein to avoid kidney ballooning
cardiopulmonary bypass with deep hypothermic circulatory arrest is performed in patients with supra-diaphragmatic tumor thrombi
RCC
AML
teratoma
any of the above
hepatic cysts are the most common extra-renal manifestation
might experience cyst hemorrhage, renal infection, or nephrolithiasis
typically, complain of flank pain or intermittent hematuria in the early twenties
hypertension and CRF commonly occur in the fifth decade of life
papillary RCC
renal metastases
renal oncocytoma
renal xanthogranuloma
they follow a benign clinical course
they have a bimodal age distribution
they are more common in men than in women
none of the above
. What is false concerning imaging studies for preoperative evaluation of RCC case?
in case of bone pain or elevated serum calcium and/or alkaline phosphatase levels, an isotopic bone scan is required
renal arteriography accurately localizes central scaring and tumor necrosis
trans-esophageal echocardiography helps assess vena caval and right atrial tumor thrombi
most lesions ≤ 4 cm are asymptomatic
renal masses with fat content is pathognomonic for AML
renal biopsy from AML carries a high risk of hemorrhage
may coexist with malignant lesions, such as sarcomas and RCCs