Instance
Program
Schema
Super Key
C. Schema
Sequential
Direct
Index sequential
None of the above
SQL
System
Nested
None of these
Entity set
File
Entity instance
Organization
schema
instance of the database
data domain
independence
Chain
Network
Tree
Relational
Deferred update
Immediate update
Two-phase commit
Shadow paging
IX
IS
S
SIX
TOTAL
ADD
COUNT
SUM
Lost update problem.
Update anomaly.
Unrepeatable read.
Dirty read.
COUNT .
COUNT (*)
MAX
MIN
Network model.
Relational model.
Hierarchical model.
File based system.
Constraints
Triggers
Stored procedure
Cursors
Selection operator.
Projection operator.
Aggregation operators.
Division operator.
add an attribute
delete an attribute
alter the default values of an attribute
all of the above
DFD
Flowcharts
Gantt Charts
E-R
is the entire database
Describes how data is actually stored on disk.
is a standard way of organizing information into accessible parts.
All of the above
Data Definition Language .
Meta Language
Procedural query Language
None of the above
Relations
Queries
Domains
All of the above
Select * from R natural join S.
Select * from R cross join S.
Select * from R union join S.
Select * from R inner join S.
DISTINCT
UNIQUE
NULL
EXISTS
data redundancy increases
data is dependent on programs
data is integrated and can be accessed by multiple programs
none of the above
Secondary key
Alternate key
Unique key
Primary key
Union
Intersection
Difference
Join
It is a physical representation of the data.
It allows many to many relationship.
It is conceptually simple.
It will be the dominant database of the future.
use database
database name use
Both A & B
None of them
inner join
full outer join
right outer join
all of the above
Operationally, if Y is deleted, so is X
existence is dependent on Y.
Operationally, if X is deleted, so is Y.
Operationally, if X is deleted, & remains the same.
Update Anomaly
Insertion Anomaly
Redundancy
Lost update problem
GROUP BY Clause
HAVING Clause
FROM Clause
WHERE Clause
Both undo and redo.
Undo but no redo.
Redo but no undo.
Neither undo nor redo.