Q = π.D.Vf
Q = π.b.Vf
Q = π.D.bf.V
Q = D.b.Vf
C. Q = π.D.bf.V
Directly as fan speed
Square of fan speed
Cube of fan speed
Square root of fan speed
Kept fully closed
Kept fully open
Irrespective of any position
Kept 50% open
39.2 %
49.2 %
68.8 %
84.8 %
Horizontal
Nearly horizontal
Steep
First rise and then fall
Installing the turbine below the tail race level
Using stainless steel runner of the turbine
Providing highly polished blades to the runner
All of the above
4
6
8
12
2 to 4
4 to 8
8 to 16
16 to 24
Two jets
Two runners
Four jets
Four runners
P/ √H
P/ H
P/ H3/2
P/ H²
Centrifugal pump
Mixed flow pump
Axial flow pump
Any one of the above
waV / 2g
waV / g
waV² / 2g
waV² / g
Hydraulic
Mechanical
Overall
None of these
[wa (V - v)]/2g
[wa (V - v)]/g
[wa (V - v)²]/2g
[wa (V - v²)]/g
Slow speed with radial flow at outlet
Medium speed with radial flow at outlet
High speed with radial flow at outlet
High speed with axial flow at outlet
waV/2g × sinθ
waV/g × sinθ
waV²/2g × sin2θ
waV²/g × sinθ
39.2 %
48.8 %
84.8 %
88.4 %
Two
Four
Six
Eight
Full load speed
The speed at which turbine runner will be damaged
The speed if the turbine runner is allowed to revolve freely without load and with the wicket gates wide open
The speed corresponding to maximum overload permissible
0.15 to 0.3
0.4 to 0.5
0.6 to 0.9
1 to 1.5
The wheel runs entirely by the weight of water
The wheel runs entirely by the impulse of water
The wheel runs partly by the weight of water and partly by the impulse of water
None of the above
Geometric similarity
Kinematic similarity
Dynamic similarity
None of these
Rectilinear flow
Radial flow
Free vortex motion
Forced vortex
Ratio of actual discharge to the theoretical discharge
Sum of actual discharge and the theoretical discharge
Difference of theoretical discharge and the actual discharge
Product of theoretical discharge and the actual discharge
0.15 to 0.3
0.4 to 0.5
0.6 to 0.9
1 to 1.5
Causes noise and vibration of various parts
Reduces the discharge of a turbine
Causes sudden drop in power output and efficiency
All of the above
Slow speed with radial flow at outlet
Medium speed with radial flow at outlet
High speed with radial flow at outlet
High speed with mixed flow at outlet
Pelton wheel
Francis turbine
Kaplan turbine
None of these
Have identical velocities
Are equal in size and shape
Are identical in shape, but differ only in size
Have identical forces
High discharge
High head
Pumping of viscous fluids
High head and high discharge
Give high discharge
Produce high heads
Pump viscous fluids
All of these