Container
Air gap
Keeper
S ource
Magnetism
Electromagnetism
Naturalism
Materialism
Carbon
Bismuth
Copper
Oxygen
Permittivity
Reluctivity
Conductivity
Permeability
-1 C
1 electron
+1 C
-20 C
air
wood
silicon steel
soft iron
directly proportional to
independent of
inversely proportional to
equal to
length × area
area � length
length � area
length + area
1.257 mWb/m^2
0.63 Wb/m^2
1.257 Wb/m^2
0.63 mWb/m^2
Conductors
Insulators
Gaseous Conductors
Plasma
Breakdown voltage
Electric intensity
Potential gradient
Dielectric constant
Increasing mmf of the circuit
Using material narrow hysteresis loop
Using ferromagnetic core
Laminating the magnetic circuit
Magnetic flux
Magnetic flux density
Magnetic flux intensity
Magnetic potential
1 coulomb/volt
1 newton/coulomb
1 newton-meter
1 volt/second/ampere
4 × 10^7F/m
4 × 10^-6 F/m
8.854× 10^-11 F/m
8.854 × 10^-12 F/m
Ionic
Covalent
Metallic
Van der Waals
Current equal to the applied emf
Opposing emf
Current opposing the applied emf
Voltage opposing the applied emf
Joule's Law
Faraday's second law of electromagnetic induction
Faraday's first law of electromagnetic induction
Coulomb's Law
Minimized
Reduced to zero
Maximize
Unity
Michael Faraday
Andre Ampere
Hans Christian Oersted
Gustav Robert Kirchhoff
Mutually induced emf
Dynamically induced emf
Statically induced emf
Self induced emf
directly proportional to
inversely proportional to
independent of
dependent of
Resistance
Reluctance
Permeance
Conductance
is zero
is uniform
increases with distance from the axis
decreases with distance from the axis
Permeance
Eddy current
Hysteresis
R eluctance
a semiconductor
a conductor
an insulator
a cryogenic conductor
2 x 10^-5
2 x 10^-3
2 x 10^5
2 x 10^3
6366 A, t/Wb
6000 A, t/Wb
8x10^-3 A, t/Wb
0.8 A, t/Wb
permeability
ferromagnetism
reluctance of core
hysteresis loss
increases
decreases
remains the same
becomes zero