Fuhrmans grading system for renal cell carcinoma relies on:
nuclear size, outline, and nucleoli
cohesiveness and the degree of cellular atypia
chromatin structure and content of the interphase nucleus
multinucleation and mitosis
Correct Answer :
A. nuclear size, outline, and nucleoli
Fuhrmans classification system relies on nuclear grading.
Related Questions
Antenatal sonography is the diagnostic tool for the following condition:
glomerulocystic kidney disease
developmental cystic renal disease
Juvenile nephronophthisis
medullary cystic kidney disease
Regarding simple renal cysts, fluid attenuation on non-contrast CT series is:
< - 10 HU
< - 20 HU
< 10 HU
< 20 HU
In renal mass(es), the main indication to take a renal biopsy is the suspicion of:
papillary RCC
renal metastases
renal oncocytoma
renal xanthogranuloma
What is the treatment of a 3-cm renal mass suggestive of RCC adjacent to a huge renal cyst?
cyst aspiration and sclerosis
partial nephrectomy
endoscopic marsupialization and fulguration of the cyst
administration of TKIs
According to Fuhrmans classification system for nuclear grading in RCC, nuclear size of 20 μg with irregular outline and prominent nucleoli is grade:
1
2
3
4
Which of the following factors is associated with increased survival in patients with metastatic kidney tumors?
physically active patients with good performance status
extirpation of the primary tumor
long disease-free interval between initial nephrectomy and the emergence of secondaries
all of the above
What is the likelihood that simple renal cysts increase in size and number over time?
never
unlikely
likely
always
What is true regarding cancer incidence in renal cystic diseases?
is > 90% in Bosniak type IV renal cysts
in patients receiving renal transplants for polycystic kidney disease is 48% higher than that expected in the general population
all of the above
simple renal cysts might turn malignant in < 4% of cases
What is false concerning renal oncocytoma?
the central scar on CT or MRI, and the spoke-wheel pattern of vessels on angiograms are not specific to oncocytoma
calcification, necrosis, and hemorrhage are rare in oncocytomas
it is thought to arise from the basement membrane of proximal convoluted tubules
treatment is partial nephrectomy or tumor excision
Which RCC subtype is most likely to benefit from targeted molecular therapy?
clear cell
chromophobe
papillary
renal medullary
Fuhrmans grading system for renal cell carcinoma relies on:
nuclear size, outline, and nucleoli
cohesiveness and the degree of cellular atypia
chromatin structure and content of the interphase nucleus
multinucleation and mitosis
What is true regarding renal angiomyolipoma (AML)?
most classic AMLs eventually undergo malignant transformation to sarcomatoid and epithelioid AML
the preferred treatment is nephroureterectomy followed by active surveillance
angiographic embolization and/or nephron-sparing surgery is advised for symptomatic AMLs greater than 4 cm
extra-renal sites include the pancreas, salivary glands, and thyroids
The diagnosis of renal adenoma is commonly made:
at autopsy
by staining positive for human melanoma black (HMB)-45
by fine-needle aspiration cytology
by exclusion
After radical nephrectomy, what is the 5-year survival rate for stage I RCC?
80%
85%
90%
95%
Which of the following renal tumors carries the best prognosis?
fibrosarcoma
leiomyosarcoma
carcinoid
adult Wilm`s tumor
What is the most common cause of genetic ESRD in children?
autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease
autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease
multicystic dysplastic kidney disease
juvenile nephronophthisis
What is false regarding multiloculated cystic nephromas?
they follow a benign clinical course
they have a bimodal age distribution
they are more common in men than in women
none of the above
What type of renal adenomas is a precursor to papillary RCC?
adenoma with clear cell
papillary adenoma
metanephric adenoma
none of the above
The etiology of renal cysts includes all of the following, EXCEPT:
autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD)
developmental cystic renal disease
inherited cystic renal disease
systemic disease with associated renal cysts
d. hypertension
. Metastatic tumors to the kidney are common from all of the following organs, EXCEPT:
lungs
thyroid
breasts
What is false concerning metanephric adenoma?
radiographically, it is indistinguishable from RCC
has a female predominance
has a benign clinical course
has a peak incidence in the third decade of life
d. 19 - 26%
. What is false regarding radical nephrectomy operation?
nodal involvement doesn`t influence prognosis
renal artery should be ligated before the vein to avoid kidney ballooning
cardiopulmonary bypass with deep hypothermic circulatory arrest is performed in patients with supra-diaphragmatic tumor thrombi
What is true regarding ADPKD patients?
progress to ESRD in the sixth decade of life
hypertension is seen in 80% of patients with ADPKD aged 20-34 years
aortic valve stenosis in 25%
manifestations are more significant in patients with the PKD2 genotype
Inherited renal cystic disease(s) include(s) the following:
glomerulocystic kidney disease (GCKD)
Juvenile nephronophthisis (JNPHP)
medullary cystic kidney disease
all of the above
d. prior to kidney transplant
. What is an indication for radical nephrectomy?
a 6-cm, polar tumor
bilateral RCC
locally advanced RCC
Which of the following conditions carries the worst prognosis?
acquired cystic renal disease
juvenile nephronophthisis
medullary sponge kidney
bilateral multicystic dysplastic kidney
What is the most powerful single predictor of oncologic outcomes in RCC cases?
margin status and grade
tumor size
tumor stage
the time interval between the tumor emergence and excision
What type of Bosniak renal cysts accompanies tumor masses in 5% of cases?
I
II
III
IV
d. melanoma
. The second most common RCC subtype is:
collecting duct b. clear cell
papillary
chromophobe
Routine metastatic evaluation in RCC cases should include all of the following, EXCEPT:
abdominal CT
chest X-ray
renal function test
liver function test