Drain out water and sludge from the boiler during repair
Put off fire in the furnace when water level in the boiler falls to unsafe limit
Guard the boiler in case of abnormal rise in steam pressure
All (A), (B) & (C)
B. Put off fire in the furnace when water level in the boiler falls to unsafe limit
Extrusion
Rolling
Deep drawing
Wire drawing
Seamless & made of steel
Heat treated before use
Made by sand casting
Welded steel cylinders
0°
32°
62°
212°
Decreases but dew point remains constant
Increases but dew point remains constant
Increases & the dew point decreases
Decreases & the dew point increases
Soluble in solid state
Insoluble in liquid state
Insoluble in both solid & liquid state
Soluble in liquid state
9 : 1
17 : 1
23 : 1
29 : 1
180°
212°
32°
273°
Eutectic temperature
Lower critical temperature
Recrystallisation temperature
Upper critical temperature
Product yields and quality cannot be achieved in continuous process, because of long residence time
Sales demand of product is not steady
Same equipment cannot be used for several processes of the same nature
All (A), (B) & (C)
10 atm-1
105 atm-1
10 (dimensionless)
105 (dimensionless)
Fracture
Indentation
Wear
Scratch
Water alkalinity & leakage
Hydrazine addition during feed water treatment
Release of non-condensable gas from water in the boiler
Scale formation
Critical
Breeder
Fertile
Heterogeneous
Retained austenite
Martensite formation
Relatively high sulphur content in the base metal
Sufficient hydrogen present in the welding arc
Mild steel
Concrete
Cast iron
Asbestos cement
Followed by tempering or carburising
Preceded by its tempering
Done to get a soft ductile interior with a very hard surface
Carried out to get extreme hardness in its core
Weldability of high carbon steel is poorer compared to low carbon steel
Invar is a magnetic alloy
Magnetic permeability of the diamagnetic material is less than one
Martenistic transformation never goes to completion (i.e., 100%) at room temperature
0.01 to 0.10
0.2 to 0.4
0.5 to 0.7
0.8 to 1.0
Body centred cubic (bcc)
Hexagonal close packed (hcp)
Face centred cubic (fcc)
None of these
Indeterminate
Zero
Infinity
Same as that at any other temperature
Work is done
Heat transfer takes place
Mass flow occurs across the boundary of the system
No chemical reaction takes place within the system
lbm/lbf. ft/sec2
lbf/lbm. ft/sec2
ft/sec2
lbm/lbf. sec2/ft
Inversely with thermal conductivity
Directly with heat transfer co-efficient
Directly with thermal conductivity
Inversely with the dimension of the solid
10
50
200
1000
Tungsten carbide
High carbon steel
High speed steel
Drilling
Watt/m
Joule/
Newton/
Joule/m
Rises in the tube
Rotates at higher speed
Rotates at lower speed
Drops down in the tube
Iron
Copper
Steel
Nickel
Cold
Work
Age
Induction
Shock loading
Vibration
Fatigue
Tension