How does fluid appear on T2-weighted MR images?
dark
intermediate
bright
none of the above
Correct Answer :
C. bright
bright. fluid exhibits high signal on T2-weighted images and a low signal on T1-weighted images.
Related Questions
Which of the following is false concerning retrograde urethrogram?
coning at the bulbar urethra is normal
segmental narrowing at bulbar urethra is normal
multiple round filling defects could be air bubbles
indicated in urethral trauma cases
By ultrasonography, when kidneys appear darker than the liver, they are:
hypoechoic
hyperechoic
anechoic
isoechoic
Which of the following is NOT an indication of retrograde pyelography?
evaluation of probable ureteral obstruction
in conjunction with ureteroscopy
evaluation of hematuria
evaluation of probable ureterovesical reflux
How does a full bladder appear on ultrasonography?
hyperechoic
hypoechoic
isoechoic
anechoic
Which condition could present as a filling defect in the bladder on IVU study?
blood clot
fibro-epithelial polyp
sloughed renal papilla
all of the above
Which statement is false concerning diuretic nuclear scintigraphy renogram?
an elimination T ½ < 10 minutes indicates obstructed system
the diuretic must be given at the maximum kidney activity
If ureteral stents are in place, the bladder catheter must be unclamped
99mTc-MAG3 is the agent of choice to study differential renal function and obstruction
Ultrasonic 3.5 MHz curved array probe is suitable to detect:
epididymal cysts
testicular tumors
renal stones
penile vasculature
What is the emergency treatment of intravenous contrast allergy?
epinephrine
atropine
hydrocortisone
antihistamine
Using ultrasonography, which testicular lesion is described as a solid, round, homogeneous, low-reflectivity tumor mass, with no calcification?
seminoma
embryonal cell tumor
mixed germ cell tumor
epidermoid cyst
What matter does correspond to zero Hounsfield units?
air
water
fat
bone
Which structure can NOT be assessed by TRUS of the prostate?
ejaculatory duct
vas deferens
seminal vesicles
rectal wall
What nuclear medicine study can diagnose interstitial nephritis?
DTPA
DMSA
gallium-67
MAG-3
Which of the following is NOT an indication of static cystography?
evaluating a probable bladder rupture
evaluating a probable colovesical or vesicovaginal fistulae
evaluating a probable intravesical pathology
evaluating a probable bladder diverticula
Using CT scanning, which solid kidney mass is well-defined, heterogeneous tumor, located in the renal cortex and containing areas of fat density of -20 HU or less. No calcifications, but some areas of enhancement?
RCC
metastases
angiomyolipoma
oncocytoma
Which statement is false regarding magnetic resonance urography (MRU)?
small non-obstructive calculi might be missed at MRU performed for the evaluation of hematuria
in pediatrics, performing a dynamic contrast-enhanced imaging helps in evaluating crossing vessels in the setting of UPJ obstruction
the success of static-fluid MR urography depends on the presence of fluid within the urinary system regardless of renal function
MRU at 3T, carries the risk of nephrogenic systemic fibrosis
What imaging modality is superior in detecting undescended testis in the abdomen?
MRI
CT
ultrasound
all are comparable
Which statement is true concerning renal ultrasonography?
end-stage renal failure kidneys look small and hypoechoic
it is more accurate on diagnosing cystic lesions than solid masses
it is able to detect tumors as small as 2 mm
cortical carbuncle might be mistaken for hydronephrosis
Which statement concerning phlebolith is false?
can be mistaken for a ureteral stone
is a small single, usually spiky, calcification within a vein
the amount of phleboliths increases with age
appears more often on the left than on the right side of the pelvis
What is (are) the indication(s) of renal artery embolization?
bleeding angiomyolipomas
an alternative to nephrectomy in severe uncontrolled hypertension among patients with end-stage renal disease
renal artery aneurysms or symptomatic AV malformations
all of the above
On staging left kidney RCC using enhanced CT, the radiologist must look for:
extension of the tumor to the diaphragm
extension of the tumor to the right atrium
the density of calcifications
the amount and bilaterality of cysts formation
What is true concerning Tc-99m DTPA?
Its uptake by glomerular filtration is almost 100%
It helps evaluate cortical structure and morphology
It provides a static picture of kidneys when compared to MAG3
it binds to the sulfhydryl groups in proximal tubules resulting in much higher resolution pinhole SPECT imaging
In routine practice, when do urologists request plain skull X-ray?
advanced prostatic cancer
central diabetes insipidus
pituitary adenoma
a & c
Which of the following is an indication of VCUG?
repeated febrile UTI in children
evaluating a probable posterior urethral valve
a & b
none of the above
What is false on comparing Tc-99m DTPA to Tc-99m MAG3?
DTPA provides better quality images with renal insufficiency
by giving captopril, MAG3 plasma clearance declines in hypertensive patients with renal artery stenosis but rises in those who do not have the disease
DTPA provides an excellent measurement of GFR
in pediatrics, MAG3 provides better quality images than DTPA
What is false concerning ureteric jets?
obstruction of the upper urinary tract may increase renal pelvis pressure and delay or decrease pelvis peristaltic rates
measured by color Doppler flow mapping in transverse scans at the suprapubic region
patients with ureteral stents are the ideal
adequate hydration is necessary
Using CT, which solid kidney mass is like a bulge of the renal contour characterized by normal corticomedullary patterns?
prominent columns of Bertin
xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis
lymphoma
renal infarction
What is the signal characteristic of renal stones on MRU?
high signal on T1-weighted images
high signal on T2-weighted images
low signal on T1-weighted images
none of the above
What is correct concerning sound waves?
The higher the frequency, the deeper tissue penetration
The higher the frequency, the better the axial resolution
low-frequency transducers are of 6 to 10 MHz
the deeper tissue penetration, the better axial resolution
What is (are) the characteristic finding(s) of testicular torsion on color Doppler ultrasonography?
the classic blue dot sign
thick, short, edematous spermatic cord
absence of intratesticular blood flow
increased epididymal blood flow
Ultrasonic waves, in nature, are:
mechanical waves
radar waves
microwaves
radio waves