Direction.
DIRECTIONS (Qs. 106-110) : Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions given below it.
The alarm bells should start ringing any time now. An important component of the economy has been sinking and needs to be rescued urgently. This critical piece is savings and, within this overall head, household savings is the one critical subcomponent that needs close watching and nurturing.
While it is true that one of the primary reasons behind the current economic slowdown is the tardy rate of capital expansion - or, investment in infrastructure as well as plant and machinery - all attempts to stimulate investment activity are likely to come to naught if savings do not grow. Without any growth in the savings rate, it is futile to think of any spurt in investment and, consequently, in the overall economic growth. If we source all the investment funding from overseas, it might be plausible to contemplate investment growth without any corresponding rise in savings rate. But that is unlikely to happen.
Within the overall savings universe, the subcomponent household savings is most critical. It provides the bulk of savings in the economy, with private corporate savings and government saving contributing the balance. The worrying factor is the nearstagnation in household savings over the last eight years or so. Whats even more disconcerting is the fact that household savings remained almost flat during the go-go years of 2004-08.
This seems to be counter-factual. There are many studies that show that there is a direct relationship between overall economic growth and household savings. So, at a time when Indias GDP was growing by over 9% every year, the household savings rate stayed almost constant at close to 23% of GDP. There was, of course, an increase in absolute terms, but it remained somewhat fixed as a proportion of GDP.
What is responsible for this contradictory movement? The sub-group on household savings, formed by the working group on savings for the 12th Plan set up by the Planning Commission and chaired by RBI deputy governor SubirGokarn, has this to say, ...a recent study had attributed the decline in the household saving ratio in the UK during 1995-2007 to a host of factors such as declining real interest rates, looser credit conditions, increase in asset prices and greater macroeconomic stability.
While recognising that one of the key differences in the evolving household saving scenario between the UK and India is the impact of demographics (dependency ratio), anecdotal evidence on increasing consumerism and the entrenchment of (urban) lifestyles in India, apart from the easier availability of credit and improvement in overall macroeconomic conditions, is perhaps indicative of some drag on household saving over the last few years as well as going forward. India has another facet: a penchant for physical assets (such as bullion or land). After the monsoon failure of 2009, and the attendant rise in price levels that has now become somewhat deeply entrenched, Indians have been stocking up on gold. Consequently, savings in financial instruments dropped while those in physical assets shot up. This is also disquieting for policy planners because savings in physical assets stay locked in and are unavailable to the economy for investment activity. There is a counter view that higher economic growth does not necessarily lead to higher savings. According to a paper published by Ramesh Jangili (Reserve Bank of India Occasional Papers, Summer 2011), while economic growth doesnt inevitably lead to higher savings, the reciprocal causality does hold true. It is empirically evident that the direction of causality is from saving and investment to economic growth collectively as well as individually and there is no causality from economic growth to saving and (or) investment.
Whichever camp you belong to, it is beyond doubt that savings growth is a necessary precondition for promoting economic growth. The Planning Commission estimates that an investment of $1 trillion, or over 50 lakh crore, will be required for the infrastructure sector alone. And, a large part of this critical investment will have to be made from domestic savings.
Only (C)
Only (B)
Only (A)
Either (A) or (B)
A. Only (C)
103.8
108.3
108.2
108
12000
14000
16000
18000
The tax treatment of the Permanent Establishment in such a case is under consideration
How would the profit would be shared is not decided yet?
A lengthy and cumber some process requiring a lot of application of mind and revenue principles is ahead for the tax department of India
A new trend is seen in last decade.
56.9 degree
76.5 degree
48.6 degree
68.4 degree
The judges finally distributed the awards among the most active children talking at length among themselves.
The judges finally distributed the awards talking at length among themselves.
The judges, talking at length among themselves finally distributed the awards among the most active children.
The judges distributed finally talking at length among themselves the awards among the most active children.
Facilitating import of goods
Remittance facility
Safe custody of articles
Foreign Exchange
Decreases, 28: 27
Increases, 27:28
Decreases, 29:28
Increases, 28:29
Only II, III and either I or IV follow.
Only III follows
All follows.
Only II, III and IV follow
TOSHIBA
Lenovo
DELL
Samsung
Although I already knew the answer and he invited me to visit him often, since I just have seen her in the square, I was never determined to yield this point.
Although I have already known the answer and he invited me to visit him often but since I just have seen her in the square, I was not determined to yield this point.
Although I knew the answer already, and he has often invited me to visit him, since I just have seen her in the square, I am never determined to yield this point.
None is true.
It should meet the requirements of the society.
It should be under some fiscal constraints.
It should be growth oriented.
It should meet the requirements of a developed country.
Varun Singh Bhati
Deepa Malik
Amit Kumar Saroha
Devendra Jhajaria
14:1
1:14
1:12
1:17
Memory
Address Bus
Accumulator
Control Unit
26×A
17%O
14$A
22$ E
1880
1930
1847
1875
If only course of action I follows
If only course of action II follows
If either course of action I or II follows.
If neither course of action I nor II follows.
3/5
1/5
2/5
4/5
If you try to understand the concept in the class you will not only remember it but also will not be able to put to use while solving even the difficult exercises.
If you tried to understand the concept of the whole class, you will not only remember it, but also can put to use while solving even the difficult exercises.
If you tried to understand the concept in the class, you would not only remember it but also can put it to use while solving even the difficult exercises.
If you tried to understand the concept in the class, you would not only remember it but also could put it to use while solving even the difficult exercises.
A look at the historical data on forecasts made by the IMF in its World Economic Outlook (WEO) reports seems to suggest that optimism bias may be the bigger culprit.
The large negative forecast errors in the recession years skewed the historical averages.
Over the past few years, the growth forecasts made by the International Monetary Fund (IMF) have displayed one consistent pattern
Has predicting the fate of the global economy become more difficult in a volatile post-crisis world, or does the IMF suffer from an inherent optimism bias?
D and F
H and F
G and C
C and H
Paytm
Mobikwik
Freecharge
Oxigen
1000
2000
2200
1700
accommodating, outburst against
erratic, envy of
truculent, virulence toward
hasty, annoyance toward
Q
Z
Y
X
if x >= y
if x > y
if x < y
if x <= y
Juan Manuel Santos
Oliver Hart
Bengt Holmstrom
Svetlana Alexievich
Telex
Memex
CompuServe
Dataphone
5600
6550
6552
5662
x > y
x < y
x >= y
x <= y