2 to 4
4 to 8
8 to 16
16 to 24
B. 4 to 8
Diameter of jet to the diameter of Pelton wheel
Velocity of jet to the velocity of Pelton wheel
Diameter of Pelton wheel to the diameter of jet
Velocity of Pelton wheel to the velocity of jet
Rectilinear flow
Radial flow
Free vortex motion
Forced vortex
Directly proportional
Inversely proportional
4th power
None of these
Have identical velocities
Are equal in size and shape
Are identical in shape, but differ only in size
Have identical forces
Centrifugal pump
Reciprocating pump
Jet pump
Air lift pump
N√P / H3/2
N√P / H²
N√P / H5/4
N√P / H3
Propeller turbine
Francis turbine
Impulse turbine
Any one of the above
Directly proportional to H1/2
Inversely proportional to H1/2
Directly proportional to H3/2
Inversely proportional to H3/2
Give high discharge
Produce high heads
Pump viscous fluids
All of these
Centrifugal pump
Mixed flow pump
Axial flow pump
Any one of the above
(W/p) × (A/a)
(p/W) × (a/A)
(W/p) × (a/A)
(p/W) × (A/a)
Centrifugal
Axial flow
Mixed flow
Reciprocating
Pelton wheel with one nozzle
Pelton wheel with two or more nozzles
Kaplan turbine
Francis turbine
Friction loss
Cavitations
Static head
Loss of kinetic energy
At the level of tail race
Little above the tail race
Slightly below the tail race
About 2.5 m above the tail race to avoid cavitations.
2 to 4
4 to 8
8 to 16
16 to 24
[wa (V - v)]/2g
[wa (V - v)]/g
[wa (V - v)²]/2g
[wa (V - v²)]/g
Tangential flow impulse turbine
Inward flow impulse turbine
Outward flow impulse turbine
Inward flow reaction turbine
Rotational flow
Radial
Forced spiral vortex flow
Spiral vortex flow
Of such a size that it delivers unit discharge at unit head
Of such a size that it delivers unit discharge at unit power
Of such a size that it requires unit power per unit head
Of such a size that it produces unit horse power with unit head
Horizontal
Nearly horizontal
Steep
First rise and then fall
10 r.p.m.
20 r.p.m.
40 r.p.m.
80 r.p.m.
2 to 4
4 to 8
8 to 16
16 to 24
Low head of water
High head of water
Medium head of water
High discharge
The water flows parallel to the axis of the wheel
The water enters at the centre of the wheel and then flows towards the outer periphery of the wheel
The water enters the wheel at the outer periphery and then flows towards the centre of the wheel
The flow of water is partly radial and partly axial
Directly proportional to H1/2
Inversely proportional to H1/2
Directly proportional to H3/2
Inversely proportional to H3/2
Ratio of the actual power produced by the turbine to the energy actually supplied by the turbine
Ratio of the actual work available at the turbine to the energy imparted to the wheel
Ratio of the work done on the wheel to the energy of the jet
None of the above
No flow will take place
Cavitation will be formed
Efficiency will be low
Excessive power will be consumed
High initial and maintenance cost
Lower discharge
Lower speed of operation
Necessity of air vessel
To run the turbine full
To prevent air to enter the turbine
To increase the head of water by an amount equal to the height of the runner outlet above the tail race
To transport water to downstream