In observations of equal precision, the most probable values of the observed quantities are those that render the sum of the squares of the residual errors a minimum, is the fundamental principle of
Gauss' Mid Latitude formula
D'Alembert's method
Legendre's method
Least square method
Correct Answer :
D. Least square method
Related Questions
The zenith is the point on the celestial sphere
East of observer
West of observer
North of observer
South of observer
The slotted template method
Is prepared, by graphical method
Is suitable for large areas with less control
Is rapid and accurate
All the above
The meridian of a place is
A great circle passing through the place and the poles
A great circle whose plane is perpendicular to the axis of rotation and it also passes through the place
A semi-circle which passes through the place and is terminated at the poles
An arc of the great circle which passes through the place and is perpendicular to the equator
Invar tapes used for measuring base lines, is made of nickel-iron alloy containing nickel
24 %
36 %
40 %
60 %
From the principal point the horizon point lies on the principal line at a distance of
f tan θ
f sin θ
f cot θ
f cos θ
The Polaris describes a small circle round the pole whose radius is approximately
1°
2°
3°
4°
Pick up the incorrect statement from the following:
Latitudes north of the equator are taken as positive
Latitudes south of the equator are taken as negative
Longitudes east of Greenwich are taken as negative
Longitudes west of Greenwich are taken as positive
The correction applied to the measured base of length L is
Tension = (P - Ps)L/AE
Sag = L3w²/24P² where w is the weight of tape/m
Slope = (h²/2L) + (h4/8L3) where h is height difference of end supports
All the above
While making astronomical observations, the observer is mainly concerned with
The direction of the vertical, the axis of rotation of the instrument
The direction of the poles of the celestial sphere
The direction of the star from the instrument
All the above
Assuming human normal vision distance 25 cm, smallest measurable angle 20, and intraocular distance 6.5 cm, the smallest depth to be discerned is
0.1 mm
0.5 mm
1.00 mm
1.1 mm
Places having same latitude
Lie on the parallel of the latitude
Are equidistant from the nearer pole
Are equidistant from both the poles
All the above
23 cm × 23 cm photographs are taken from a flying height with a camera of focal length of 3600 m and 15.23 cm respectively. A parallax difference of 0.01 mm represents
1 m
2 m
4 m
8 m
A star is said to elongate
When the star momentarily moves vertically
When the angle at the star of the spherical triangle is 90°
When the star's declination is greater than the observer's latitude
All the above
If E is the spherical excess and R the radius of the earth, the surface area of the triangle, is
πR²E/90°
πR²E/180°
πR²E/270°
πR²E/360°
The maximum error in radial line assumption, is
h/H f tan θ
h/H f² tan θ
h/H f² sin θ
h/H f cos θ
Systematic errors
Always follow some definite mathematical law
Can be removed by applying corrections to the observed values
Are also known as cumulative errors
All the above
The solar tidal force divided by lunar tidal force is
1/3
1/2
3/4
5/4
The nearest star is so far away from the earth that the directions to it from two diametrically opposite points on the earth differs less than
0.01 second
0.001 second
0.0001 second
None of these
The nautical mile is the length of
1 minute of latitude
1 minute of longitude
1 degree of latitude
1 degree of longitude
The scale of a vertical photograph of focal length f taken from height of H metres above M.S.L., at a point of reduced level h, is
f/H
f/(H + h)
f/(H - h)
(H - h)/f
The average eye base is assumed as
58 mm
60 mm
62 mm
64 mm
Latitude of a place is the angular distance from
Greenwich to the place
Equator to the poles
Equator to the nearer pole
None of these
Pick up the correct statement from the following:
The sun's right ascension increases for 0 h to 24 h when it returns to the First point of Aries
The maximum declination of the sun increases up to 23 ½° N on about 21st June
The minimum declination of the sun is zero' on 22nd September
All the above
If f is the focal length of the camera lens and θ is the angle of tilt, the distance of the plumb point from the principal point will be
f sin θ
f cos θ
f tan θ
f sec θ
The shortest distance between two places measured along the surface of the earth, is
Length of the equator between their longitudes
Length of the parallel between their longitudes
Length of the arc of the great circle passing through them
None of these
Pick up the correct statement from the following:
Aerial photographs may be either vertical or oblique
Vertical photographs are taken with the axis of camera pointing vertically downward
Vertical photographs are used for most accurate maps
All the above
Pick up the correct statement from the following:
The principal point coincides with plumb point on a true vertical photograph
The top of a hill appears on a truly vertical photograph at greater distance than its bottom from the principal point
The top of a hill is represented on a vertical photograph at larger scale than the area of a nearby valley
All the above
The circle in which a plane tangent to the earth's surface at the point of observation, intersects the celestial sphere, is called
Visible horizon
Sensible horizon
Celestial horizon
True horizon
The value of geo-centric parallax to be added to the observed altitude of sun is
9 cos α
9 sin α
9 tan α
9 cot α
Pick up the correct statement from the following:
The angle between the plane of the negative and the horizontal plane containing perspective axis is the tilt of the photograph
The direction of maximum tilt is defined by the photo principal line
The principal plane is truly vertical plane which contains perspective centre as well as principal point and plumb point
All the above