In SQL the word natural can be used with
inner join
full outer join
right outer join
all of the above
Correct Answer :
A. inner join
Related Questions
The cost of reading and writing temporary files while evaluating a query can be reduced by
building indices
pipelining
join ordering
none of the above
Relational Algebra is
Data Definition Language .
Meta Language
Procedural query Language
None of the above
The size of a data item is called its _______, which can be a field of some record or may be a larger unit such as a record.
Similarity
Granularity
Dimensionality
Arity
The metadata is created by the
DML compiler
DML pre-processor
DDL interpreter
Query interpreter
Which one is true statement :
With finer degree of granularity of locking a high degree of concurrency is possible.
Locking prevents non-serializable schedules.
Locking cannot take place at field level.
An exclusive lock on data item X is granted even if a shared lock is already held on X.
The middleware databases in which the business rules act are applicable to _______ tier architectures
Single
Three
Two
None
An advantage of the database management approach is
data redundancy increases
data is dependent on programs
data is integrated and can be accessed by multiple programs
none of the above
Which of the following concurrency control schemes is not based on the serializability property?
Two - phase locking
Graph-based locking
Time-stamp based locking
None of these .
______is a preferred method for enforcing data integrity
Constraints
Triggers
Stored procedure
Cursors
Between DRAM and magnetic disk storage another form of memory, called ______ memory is becoming common because it is non volatile.
RAM
Flash
Hard Disk
Secondary
Which of the following ensures the atomicity of the transaction?
Transaction management component of DBMS
Application Programmer
Concurrency control component of DBMS
Recovery management component of DBMS
_____ First proposed the process of normalization.
Edgar. W
Edward Stephen
Edgar F. Codd
Edward Codd
_____ command can be used to modify a column in a table
alter
update
set
create
The one guideline to be followed while designing the database is
A database design may be ambiguous.
It should avoid/reduce the redundancy.
Unrelated data should be in the same table so that updating the data will be easy.
An entity should not have attributes.
When an E-R diagram is mapped to tables, the representation is redundant for
weak entity sets
weak relationship sets
strong entity sets
strong relationship sets
_____ database is used to provide statistical information or summaries of values based on various criteria.
Statistical
Mathematical
Normalized
Un normalized
______ keyword is used to find the number of values in a column.
TOTAL
ADD
COUNT
SUM
A transaction is in state after the final statement has been executed.
partially committed
active
committed
none of the above
The normalization was first proposed by .
Code
Codd
Boyce Codd
Boyce
In an E-R, Y is the dominant entity and X is a subordinate entity. Then which of the following is incorrect :
Operationally, if Y is deleted, so is X
existence is dependent on Y.
Operationally, if X is deleted, so is Y.
Operationally, if X is deleted, & remains the same.
A data type or format is specified for each _________
Relation
Tuple
Database
Domain
The concept of mapping of ______ entity types is the concept in which the for each strong entity type E in the ER schema, create a relation R that includes all the simple attributes of E.
Regular
Irregular
None
Weak
Processed data is called _____
Raw data
Source
Information
Useful data
Which of the following is not a recovery technique?
Deferred update
Immediate update
Two-phase commit
Shadow paging
In a multi-user database, if two users wish to update the same record at the same time, they are prevented from doing so by
jamming
password
documentation
record lock
Which one is correct statement?
Logical data independence provides following without changing application programs:
(i) Changes in access methods.
(ii) Adding new entities in database
(iii) Splitting an existing record into two or more records
(iv) C
(i) and (ii)
(iv) only
(i) and (iv)
(ii) and (iii)
The normal form that is not necessarily dependency preserving is
2NF
3NF
BCNF
4NF
Union operator is a :
Unary Operator
Ternary Operator
Binary Operator
Not an operator
A ______ module is typically designed so that it will run on a user workstation or personal computer.
Software
Server
Program
Client
A relational database developer refers to a record as
an attribute
a tuple
a criteria
a relation