Scorpion, Spider
Scorpion, Obelia, Hydra
Star fish, Obelia, Hydra
Cockroach, Earthworm, Taenia solium
A. Scorpion, Spider
true snake
blind worm
false snake
true worm
Mammary glands, hairs, gill slits
Notochord, gill slits and dorsal ! tubular nervous system
Notochord, scales and dorsal tubular nervous system
Gill slits, vertebral column and notochoitl
all prokaryotes
bacterai, blue green algae and sinlge celled eukaryotes
bacteria, blue green algae and single celled eukaryotic animals
single celled eukaryotes and prokaryotes
Fishes and Echinodermata
Coelentrata and Echinodermata
Porifera and Coelentrata
Echinodermata and Protochordata
Geographical isolation
Reproductive isolation
Behavioural isolation
Hybrid in viability
one scientific and one popular
given by two taxonomists
one generic and one specific epithet
international identifying catalogue
John Ray
Carolus Linnaeus
G.L. Cuvier
All of these
India
U.K
USSR
West Indies
diaphragm
four-chambered heart
wings
small brain
intestinal parasites
earthworms
roundworms
tapeworms
Pisces
Amphibia
Reptile
Mammals
frog
tortoise
salamander
toad
hairy skin and ovipary
hairy skin and mammary glands
mammary glands and teeth
pinnae and teeth
Carolus Linnaeus
Charles Darwin
Lamarck
Wallace
absence of walking legs
absence of mandibles
absence of wings
presence of walking legs
morphology
Phylogeny
both (a) and (b)
ontogeny
homologous
analogous
both homologous and analogous
phylogenetically related
Echidna
Kangaroo
Pangolin
Panda
long incisors
long canines
short canines
short incisors
immotile, radially symmetrical animals
motile, bilaterally symmetrical animals
bilaterally symmetrical, non-motile terrestrial animals
both (b) and (c)
Cephalochordata
Agnatha
Urochordata
Gnathostomata
asymmetrical
symmetrical
bilaterally symmetrical
radially symmetrical
Frog
Cockroach
Hydra
Earthworm
Coelenterata
Hydrozoa
Scyphozoa
Anthozoa
Insecta
Myriapoda
Arachnida
Onychophora
earthworm
snake
frog
cow
Fish
Rat
Frog
Lizard
Scales
Eggs
Shelled eggs
Gills
hydra
sponge
sea anemone
sea urchin
genus
order
class
species