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What is the correct answer?

4

On diagnosing bladder cancers, what advantage does urine cytology has over tumor markers?

A. high specificity

B. high sensitivity

C. high reliability

D. strong validity

Correct Answer :

A. high specificity


tumor markers such as BTA stat, NMP-22 are highly sensitive in detecting bladder tumors, while urine cytology is more specific.

Related Questions

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4

Intravesical installation of BCG should NOT be given soon after bladder tumor resection (TURBT) because:

A. there will be no target tumor tissue to work on

B. post-op. hematuria interacts unfavorably with BCG composition

C. of the risk of systemic absorption and sepsis

D. of the high risk of BCG reflux to kidneys while bladder irrigation

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4

The 5-yr survival rates of non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer are:

A. 40 - 55%

B. 55 - 70%

C. 70 - 85%

D. 85 - 100%

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4

Partial cystectomy for bladder tumors can be performed when the following criterion(a) is(are) met:

A. the lesion is solitary and no associated CIS

B. physically, a surgical margin of 2-cm can be obtained

C. the resected area should be far enough from ureteral orifices and the bladder neck

D. all of the following

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4

What is false regarding squamous metaplasia of the urinary bladder (non-keratinized) subtype?

A. only in females

B. associated with chronic irritation, polypoid cystitis, and cystitis glandularis

C. no risk for squamous cell carcinoma

D. treated with estrogen, if symptomatic

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4

What is false regarding the symptomatology of urethral cancers?

A. obstructive LUTS are common presentations and occur in association with carcinoma in situ

B. might present as perineal abscesses and fistulae

C. could be asymptomatic

D. venereal diseases increase the risk of urethral cancers

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4

What is the most common sarcoma of the bladder?

A. leiomyosarcoma

B. rhabdosarcoma

C. carcinosarcoma

D. neurosarcoma

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4

Evaluation of painless hematuria includes all of the following,
EXCEPT:

A. urine cytology

B. CT urography

C. cystoscopy

D. renal function tests

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4

What is the imaging modality of choice in the evaluation of a suspected urethral cancer?

A. ascending urethrography

B. voiding cystourethrography

C. MRI

D. IVU

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4

Regarding bladder neoplasia, squamous metaplasia differs from squamous dysplasia as the latter is/has:

A. well-differentiated tumor with broad-based invasive font

B. marked atypia distributed on wide areas of superficial urothelium

C. atypia is present

D. no atypia but marked degenerative epithelial changes

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4

Which of the following does NOT predispose to bladder cancer?

A. working with organic chemicals and dyes

B. abuse of pain-control medications especially phenacetin

C. exposure to arsenic and aromatic amines

D. schistosomiasis

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4

In what percentages of patients do bilateral upper tract tumors occur either synchronously or metachronously?

A. 0.6 - 2%

B. 2 - 6%

C. 6 - 10%

D. 12 - 16%

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4

What is NOT a contraindication to BCG treatment?

A. history of pulmonary TB

B. total incontinence

C. immunosuppression

D. impaired renal function

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4

What is (are) the classic presentation(s) of bladder cancers?

A. irritative bladder symptoms

B. obstructive bladder symptoms

C. palpable suprapubic mass on physical examination

D. painless profuse hematuria

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4

Partial penectomy for urethral cancer is indicated in:

A. infiltrative proximal penile urethral carcinomas

B. infiltrative distal penile urethral carcinomas

C. recurrent proximal penile urethral carcinoma after laser resection

D. T3/N2/M0 at bulbar urethra

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4

The most significant prognostic factors for survival in female urethral cancers are:

A. sensitivity to chemotherapy and age at presentation

B. anatomic location and extent of the tumor

C. histologic type of the tumor and sensitivity to radiotherapy

D. tumors stage and grade

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4

What percentage of bladder cancers is squamous cell type in origin?

A. 2%

B. 5%

C. 70%

D. 90%

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4

In women, what is the commonest type of cancers occurring in the proximal urethra?

A. adenocarcinoma

B. transitional cell carcinoma

C. squamous cell carcinoma

D. basal cell carcinoma

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4

What is the commonest type of primary urethral tumors?

A. adenocarcinoma

B. transitional cell carcinoma

C. squamous cell carcinoma

D. basal cell carcinoma

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4

The treatment of nonmuscle-invasive bladder cancer begins with:

A. single intravesical chemotherapy

B. TURBT

C. intravesical BCG vaccine

D. multiple bladder biopsies

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4

What type of bladder cancers might be caused by Schistosoma haematobium infection?

A. transitional cell carcinoma

B. squamous cell carcinoma

C. adenocarcinoma

D. small cell carcinoma

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4

Which of the following cystoscopic descriptions of bladder tumors is false?

A. nodular or sessile lesions usually invade muscle

B. papillary bladder tumors are typical of low stage and grade

C. carcinoma in situ appears as a flat, velvety patch

D. sarcomas commonly invade bladder base and ureteral orifices causing obstructions

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4

What gene mutation is common in carcinoma-in-situ of urinary bladder?

A. RB

B. cyclin A

C. HRAS

D. CD-44

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4

What is false concerning upper tract urothelial tumors?

A. rarely diagnosed at autopsy

B. the peak incidence occurs between ages 70 and 80

C. they occur twice as frequently in men as in women

D. none of the above

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4

What is false concerning carcinoma-in-situ (CIS) of urinary tract?

A. frequently found in association with high-grade or extensive TCC

B. has a rate of progression to muscle invasion of 10-25%

C. significant areas of CIS are easily missed by routine cystoscopy

D. treatment begins with TURBT

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4

While resecting a large bladder tumor located at the right lateral wall, the surgeon observes a bladder perforation, what should next step be?

A. continue the procedure as perforations at this site do no harm

B. abort the procedure and leave a urethral catheter

C. convert tumor removal to open method and repair the defect

D. perform abdominal exploration and manage accordingly

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4

While deeply resecting a large bladder tumor, the surgeon noted loss of bladder distension, what should next step be?

A. increase the irrigation fluid and pursue the procedure

B. abort the procedure and leave a urethral catheter

C. perform cystogram and manage accordingly

D. perform abdominal exploration and manage accordingly

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4

Regarding ureteral cancers, what is the commonest part of tumor development?

A. upper ureter

B. middle ureter

C. lower ureter

D. comparable

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4

Common benign urethral tumors include all of the following,
EXCEPT:

A. leiomyoma

B. hemangioma

C. fibroepithelial polyp

D. lymphangioma

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4

On diagnosing bladder cancers, what advantage does urine cytology has over tumor markers?

A. high specificity

B. high sensitivity

C. high reliability

D. strong validity

What is the correct answer?

4

What might occur while resecting a bladder mass at the posterolateral wall?

A. bladder perforation

B. obturator nerve reflex

C. vesico-ureteral reflux

D. terrible bleeding