renal oncocytoma
multiloculated cystic nephromas
metanephric adenoma
adenoma with clear cell
A. renal oncocytoma
they follow a benign clinical course
they have a bimodal age distribution
they are more common in men than in women
none of the above
right hydrocele
left varicocele
painless hematuria
hypertension
progress to ESRD in the sixth decade of life
hypertension is seen in 80% of patients with ADPKD aged 20-34 years
aortic valve stenosis in 25%
manifestations are more significant in patients with the PKD2 genotype
glomerulocystic kidney disease
developmental cystic renal disease
Juvenile nephronophthisis
medullary cystic kidney disease
the central scar on CT or MRI, and the spoke-wheel pattern of vessels on angiograms are not specific to oncocytoma
calcification, necrosis, and hemorrhage are rare in oncocytomas
it is thought to arise from the basement membrane of proximal convoluted tubules
treatment is partial nephrectomy or tumor excision
glomerulocystic kidney disease (GCKD)
Juvenile nephronophthisis (JNPHP)
medullary cystic kidney disease
all of the above
the quality of the kidney and renal function prior to surgery
the quantity of vascularized parenchymal mass preserved after excision
the tumor
warm ischemia time
RCC occurs in < 5% of patients with tuberous sclerosis
in glomerulocystic kidney disease, renal tumors are typically solitary, large, with central necrosis
in Von Hippel-Lindau syndrome, renal tumors are frequently bilateral and multicentric
in acquired cystic disease, tumors are commonly bilateral, and metastatic in 15% of cases
. What is false concerning targeted molecular therapy?
is a personalized medical therapy devised to meet each persons individual needs for cancer`s specifications
treats cancer by interrupting unique molecular abnormalities that drive cancer growth
some cancer types have different molecular targets
autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD)
developmental cystic renal disease
inherited cystic renal disease
systemic disease with associated renal cysts
autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease
autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease
multicystic dysplastic kidney disease
juvenile nephronophthisis
papillary subtype of RCC has a tendency to multifocality
chromosome 13 alterations are common in the development of clear cell renal carcinoma
a solid mass on CT that enhances more than 15 HU is suggestive of RCC
bilateral involvement in RCC either synchronously or metachronously occurs in 2% to 4% of patients
cyst aspiration and sclerosis
partial nephrectomy
endoscopic marsupialization and fulguration of the cyst
administration of TKIs
is the first and most reliable radiologic examination to study IVC thrombi
is reserved for patients with equivocal MRI or CT findings
is obsolete and has fallen out of use
carries a risk of IVC terrible bleeding that outweighs the diagnostic merits
acquired cystic renal disease
juvenile nephronophthisis
medullary sponge kidney
bilateral multicystic dysplastic kidney
. What is the relapse rate for completely resected RCC after radical nephrectomy?
1- 10%
10 - 20%
20 - 30%
at autopsy
by staining positive for human melanoma black (HMB)-45
by fine-needle aspiration cytology
by exclusion
80%
85%
90%
95%
type II DM, especially in males
hypertension
obesity, especially in females
cigarette smoking
. What is false concerning imaging studies for preoperative evaluation of RCC case?
in case of bone pain or elevated serum calcium and/or alkaline phosphatase levels, an isotopic bone scan is required
renal arteriography accurately localizes central scaring and tumor necrosis
trans-esophageal echocardiography helps assess vena caval and right atrial tumor thrombi
margin status and grade
tumor size
tumor stage
the time interval between the tumor emergence and excision
is > 90% in Bosniak type IV renal cysts
in patients receiving renal transplants for polycystic kidney disease is 48% higher than that expected in the general population
all of the above
simple renal cysts might turn malignant in < 4% of cases
radiographically, it is indistinguishable from RCC
has a female predominance
has a benign clinical course
has a peak incidence in the third decade of life
mutations in the MCKD1 (chromosome 1q21) gene
mutations in the MCKD2 (chromosome 16q12) gene
inherited in an autosomal dominant fashion
all of the above
70 - 85%
55 - 70%
40 - 55%
25 - 40%
1
2
3
4
. The second most common RCC subtype is:
collecting duct b. clear cell
papillary
chromophobe
. Manifestations of paraneoplastic syndrome associated with RCC include all of the following, EXCEPT:
anemia and erythrocytosis
hepatic dysfunction and elevated human chorionic gonadotropin levels
hypocalcemia
20%
30%
40%
50%
. What is false regarding radical nephrectomy operation?
nodal involvement doesn`t influence prognosis
renal artery should be ligated before the vein to avoid kidney ballooning
cardiopulmonary bypass with deep hypothermic circulatory arrest is performed in patients with supra-diaphragmatic tumor thrombi