70 - 85%
55 - 70%
40 - 55%
25 - 40%
A. 70 - 85%
progress to ESRD in the sixth decade of life
hypertension is seen in 80% of patients with ADPKD aged 20-34 years
aortic valve stenosis in 25%
manifestations are more significant in patients with the PKD2 genotype
autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD)
developmental cystic renal disease
inherited cystic renal disease
systemic disease with associated renal cysts
papillary RCC
renal metastases
renal oncocytoma
renal xanthogranuloma
the central scar on CT or MRI, and the spoke-wheel pattern of vessels on angiograms are not specific to oncocytoma
calcification, necrosis, and hemorrhage are rare in oncocytomas
it is thought to arise from the basement membrane of proximal convoluted tubules
treatment is partial nephrectomy or tumor excision
RCC
AML
teratoma
any of the above
20%
30%
40%
50%
70 - 85%
55 - 70%
40 - 55%
25 - 40%
. Manifestations of paraneoplastic syndrome associated with RCC include all of the following, EXCEPT:
anemia and erythrocytosis
hepatic dysfunction and elevated human chorionic gonadotropin levels
hypocalcemia
abdominal CT
chest X-ray
renal function test
liver function test
acquired cystic renal disease
juvenile nephronophthisis
medullary sponge kidney
bilateral multicystic dysplastic kidney
the quality of the kidney and renal function prior to surgery
the quantity of vascularized parenchymal mass preserved after excision
the tumor
warm ischemia time
fibrosarcoma
leiomyosarcoma
carcinoid
adult Wilm`s tumor
nuclear size, outline, and nucleoli
cohesiveness and the degree of cellular atypia
chromatin structure and content of the interphase nucleus
multinucleation and mitosis
. What is the most common histologic subtype of renal sarcomas?
rhabdomyosarcoma
nephrosarcoma
leiomyosarcoma
mutations in the MCKD1 (chromosome 1q21) gene
mutations in the MCKD2 (chromosome 16q12) gene
inherited in an autosomal dominant fashion
all of the above
hepatic cysts are the most common extra-renal manifestation
might experience cyst hemorrhage, renal infection, or nephrolithiasis
typically, complain of flank pain or intermittent hematuria in the early twenties
hypertension and CRF commonly occur in the fifth decade of life
. What is false concerning targeted molecular therapy?
is a personalized medical therapy devised to meet each persons individual needs for cancer`s specifications
treats cancer by interrupting unique molecular abnormalities that drive cancer growth
some cancer types have different molecular targets
male gender
hypertension
renal insufficiency
all of the above
glomerulocystic kidney disease
developmental cystic renal disease
Juvenile nephronophthisis
medullary cystic kidney disease
at autopsy
by staining positive for human melanoma black (HMB)-45
by fine-needle aspiration cytology
by exclusion
hyperattenuating renal cyst
solitary renal cyst
uncomplicated renal cyst
focal renal cyst
margin status and grade
tumor size
tumor stage
the time interval between the tumor emergence and excision
they follow a benign clinical course
they have a bimodal age distribution
they are more common in men than in women
none of the above
RCC occurs in < 5% of patients with tuberous sclerosis
in glomerulocystic kidney disease, renal tumors are typically solitary, large, with central necrosis
in Von Hippel-Lindau syndrome, renal tumors are frequently bilateral and multicentric
in acquired cystic disease, tumors are commonly bilateral, and metastatic in 15% of cases
. The second most common RCC subtype is:
collecting duct b. clear cell
papillary
chromophobe
ARPKD accounts for 5% of ESRD in children
more than one-half of patients with ARPKD require kidney transplant before age 20 years
ADPKD is a common cause of ESRD
uncommonly, juvenile nephronophthisis causes ESRD in children
is > 90% in Bosniak type IV renal cysts
in patients receiving renal transplants for polycystic kidney disease is 48% higher than that expected in the general population
all of the above
simple renal cysts might turn malignant in < 4% of cases
repeat ablation
active surveillance
salvage surgery
radical nephrectomy
never
unlikely
likely
always
radiographically, it is indistinguishable from RCC
has a female predominance
has a benign clinical course
has a peak incidence in the third decade of life