Both annealing and normalising release the internal stresses of the material besides improving the mechanical properties
Low carbon steel does not respond to the heat treatment for hardening of the material, hence it is subjected to case hardening or surface hardening processes like cyaniding, carburising, nitriding etc., which produces high carbon outer layers resulting in increase of surface hardness
Induction hardening and flame hardening techniques are also used for surface hardening
Martempering of a material is a hardening process
C. Induction hardening and flame hardening techniques are also used for surface hardening
Aluminium
Tin
Lead
Both (B) & (C)
Molybdenum
Chromium
Tungsten
Vanadium
Adiabatic
Quasi-static
Isothermal
Isentropic
Strain rate is increased
Grain size is increased
Prior cold deformation is increased
Not affected by any of the above parameters
Cryolite
Azurite
Chalcopyrite
Malachite
Compact & rugged construction with an accuracy of 0.1 to 1%
No moving parts and incurs negligible deflection under load
Provision of thermal compensation and is hermetically sealed
All 'a', 'b' & 'c'
1800
2000
2400
3000
Electrostatic precipitator
Wet scrubber
Bag filter
Gravity settling chamber
Chalcocite
Bauxite
Galena
None of these
Pure oxygen has been used for combustion
Nitrogen percentage in the fuel is very high
Excess air has been used for combustion
Hydrogen is not present in the fuel
100
200
1000
2000
High fusibility & fluidity
High thermal conductivity
Low density
High chemical activity
Pewter
White
Babbitt
Gun
Decreases with increase in strain hardening tendencies
Decreases with increase in hardness, in general
Depend on the composition, microstructure and physical & mechanical properties
Decreases with increases in tensile strength & decrease in grain size
Tungsten carbide
High carbon steel
High speed steel
Drilling
Brass
Bronze
German silver
Cast iron
Preloaded spring
Piezoelectric
Bonded strain gauge
None of these
Mild steel
Copper
Soft iron
Stainless steel
Silica
Alumina
Magnesia
Fireclay
Watt/m
Joule/
Newton/
Joule/m
Aluminium
Brass
Cast iron
Steel
Pressure
Thermit
Resistance
Arc
+4000
-4000
10000
-10000
Negative charge
Positive charge
Zero charge
Positive or negative charge depending upon the nature of the cell
Small punches, broaches reamers and springs
Cutlery, screws, rivets and files
Mandrels, twist drills, small lathe tools and razors
Forgings like can shaft, structural steel plate, threading dies and drawing dies
Decreases
Increases
Remain same
May increase or decrease
Ore
Electrical power
Labour
Abundant water
Wetness
Mass flow rate
Both 'a' & 'b'
Neither 'a' nor 'b'
Neutral
Ideal
Buffer
Zero pH