Correction for refraction is always negative
Correction for parallax is always positive
Correction for semi-diameter is always negative
Correction for dip is always negative
C. Correction for semi-diameter is always negative
sin a cos A
cos a sin A
tan a cot A
cot A tan a
Parallax
Height
Parallax difference
Height difference
22° 30'
23° 27'
23° 30'
24° 0'
1°
2°
3°
4°
Ground elevation
Flying height
Length of air base
All the above
Declination
Altitude
Zenith distance
Co-latitude
Visible horizon
Sensible horizon
Celestial horizon
True horizon
Photo principal point
Ground principal point
Ground isocenter
All the above
Positive for points above datum
Negative for points below datum
Zero for points vertically below the air station
All the above
By subtracting their longitudes if places are in the same hemisphere
By adding their longitudes if places are in the different hemispheres
By subtracting the sum of their longitudes exceeding 180° from 360° if places are in different hemispheres
All the above
Isocenter
Principal point
Perspective centre
Plumb line
High oblique
Low oblique
Vertical
None of these
Aerial photographs may be either vertical or oblique
Vertical photographs are taken with the axis of camera pointing vertically downward
Vertical photographs are used for most accurate maps
All the above
f2
2f2
3f2
½f
Vernal equinox
Autumnal equinox
Summer solstice
Winter solstice
The sun's right ascension increases for 0 h to 24 h when it returns to the First point of Aries
The maximum declination of the sun increases up to 23 ½° N on about 21st June
The minimum declination of the sun is zero' on 22nd September
All the above
Horizon and equator
Zenith and pole
Equator and zenith
Pole and horizon
Nadir point
Iso centre
Principal point
All the above
Lengths
Angles
Heights
All of these
Satellite station
Eccentric station
False station
Pivot station
Mean sun
True sun
Vernal equinox
All the above
1/3
1/2
3/4
5/4
h tan α/S
h tan β/S
h (tan α + tan β)/S
h (tan α - tan β)/S
Astronomical latitude
Astronomical longitude
Astronomical bearing
All of these
Is the period of time taken by the earth in making a complete rotation with reference to stars
Is slightly shorter than an ordinary solar day
Is divided into the conventional hours, minutes and seconds
All the above
Elevation of the elevated pole
Declination of the observer's zenith
Angular distance along the observer's meridian between equator and the observer
All the above
The principal point coincides with plumb point on a true vertical photograph
The top of a hill appears on a truly vertical photograph at greater distance than its bottom from the principal point
The top of a hill is represented on a vertical photograph at larger scale than the area of a nearby valley
All the above
θ = z + δ
θ = δ - z
θ = 180° - (z + δ)
θ = (z + δ) - 180°
The area is divided into triangular figures
Control stations are located from which detailed surveys are carried out
Sides are not measured excepting the base line
All the above
Plane surveying
Geodetic surveying
Star observations
Planet observations