Co-declination
Co-altitude
Co-latitude
Polar distance
A. Co-declination
Parallax
Height
Parallax difference
Height difference
Aerial photographs may be either vertical or oblique
Vertical photographs are taken with the axis of camera pointing vertically downward
Vertical photographs are used for most accurate maps
All the above
1000 km
800 km
600 km
500 km
Reduction to mean sea level
Correction for horizontal alignment
Correction for slope
All the above
Vernal equinox
Autumnal equinox
Summer solstice
Winter solstice
Sun and moon are in line with earth
Solar tidal force acts opposite to lunar tidal force
Solar tidal force and lunar tidal force both coincide
None of these
i = v. t. H/f
i = v. f/t. H
i = v. t. (f/H)
i = t. H/v. f
Nadir
Isocenter
Principal point
Plumb point
10° N
50° N Latitude
Equator
5° S latitude
Sidereal time
Apparent solar time
Mean solar time
All the above
The direction of the vertical, the axis of rotation of the instrument
The direction of the poles of the celestial sphere
The direction of the star from the instrument
All the above
Astronomical latitude
Astronomical co-latitude
Co-declination of star
Declination of star
The star's movement is apparent due to the actual steady rotation of the earth about its axis
The stars move round in circular concentrated parts
The centre of the circular paths of stars is the celestial pole
All the above
Declination
Altitude
Zenith distance
Co-latitude
7 h 00 m
7 h 30 m
8 h 00 m
9 h 00 m
Equator
Celestial equator
Ecliptic
None of these
Tangents of two adjacent parts
Sines of two adjacent parts
Cosines of two adjacent parts
Both (a) and (b) above
Visible horizon
Sensible horizon
Celestial horizon
True horizon
22° 30'
23° 27'
23° 30'
24° 0'
sin λ
cos λ
tan λ
cot λ
North end of the polar axis is known as North Pole
South end of the polar axis is known as South Pole
Point where polar axis when produced northward intersects the celestial sphere, is known as north celestial pole
All the above
δ - θ
θ - δ
θ + δ
(θ + δ)/2
0.50 sq km
0.56 sq km
0.60 sq km
0.64 sq km
Ground principal point
Ground plumb point
Iso-centre
Perspective centre
East of observer
West of observer
North of observer
South of observer
Principal point
Isocenter
Plumb point
Perspective centre
The principal point coincides with plumb point on a true vertical photograph
The top of a hill appears on a truly vertical photograph at greater distance than its bottom from the principal point
The top of a hill is represented on a vertical photograph at larger scale than the area of a nearby valley
All the above
May have tilt up to 30°
May include the image of the horizon
May not include the image of the horizon
None of these
The angle between the plane of the negative and the horizontal plane containing perspective axis is the tilt of the photograph
The direction of maximum tilt is defined by the photo principal line
The principal plane is truly vertical plane which contains perspective centre as well as principal point and plumb point
All the above
Control points for surveys of large areas
Control points for photogrammetric surveys
Engineering works, i.e. terminal points of long tunnels, bridge abutments, etc.
All the above