hippuran I-131
technetium-99m
gallium-67
indium-111labelled WBC
D. indium-111labelled WBC
forniceal rupture
drained renal pelvis
high urine output
acute obstruction
hypoechoic
hyperechoic
anechoic
isoechoic
0 minute
5 minutes
10 minutes
renal parenchyma does not appear on IVU
DTPA
DMSA
gallium-67
MAG-3
malunion of lumbar and/or sacral vertebral bodies
pelvic bone diastasis
sacral agenesis
fracture of anterior pubic rami
evaluation of probable ureteral obstruction
in conjunction with ureteroscopy
evaluation of hematuria
evaluation of probable ureterovesical reflux
hippuran I-131
technetium-99m
gallium-67
indium-111labelled WBC
blood clot
fibro-epithelial polyp
sloughed renal papilla
all of the above
epinephrine
atropine
hydrocortisone
antihistamine
repeated febrile UTI in children
evaluating a probable posterior urethral valve
a & b
none of the above
reliable tool to exclude urinary calculi
calcifications at renal area might lead to the discovery of renal cancers
can detect soft tissues
fecoliths and phleboliths could be mistaken for calculi
seminoma
embryonal cell tumor
mixed germ cell tumor
epidermoid cyst
coning at the bulbar urethra is normal
segmental narrowing at bulbar urethra is normal
multiple round filling defects could be air bubbles
indicated in urethral trauma cases
bleeding angiomyolipomas
an alternative to nephrectomy in severe uncontrolled hypertension among patients with end-stage renal disease
renal artery aneurysms or symptomatic AV malformations
all of the above
intratesticular hematoma
testicular abscess
orchitis
sex cord stromal tumors
MRI
CT
ultrasound
all are comparable
ejaculatory duct
vas deferens
seminal vesicles
rectal wall
diseases affecting the proximal convoluted tubules inhibit DMSA uptake
it is ideal to assess UPJ obstruction in adults
gentamicin and cisplatin inhibit the DMSA uptake
it allows better assessment of differential renal function
air
water
fat
bone
more than 30 mL/min/1.73 m2
more than 60 mL/min/1.73 m2
more than 90 mL/min/1.73 m2
none of the above
RCC
metastases
angiomyolipoma
oncocytoma
RCC
metastases
angiomyolipoma
oncocytoma
high signal on T1-weighted images
high signal on T2-weighted images
low signal on T1-weighted images
none of the above
obstruction of the upper urinary tract may increase renal pelvis pressure and delay or decrease pelvis peristaltic rates
measured by color Doppler flow mapping in transverse scans at the suprapubic region
patients with ureteral stents are the ideal
adequate hydration is necessary
Its uptake by glomerular filtration is almost 100%
It helps evaluate cortical structure and morphology
It provides a static picture of kidneys when compared to MAG3
it binds to the sulfhydryl groups in proximal tubules resulting in much higher resolution pinhole SPECT imaging
non-seminomatous germ cell tumors
acute bleed on top of old hematoma
mature teratoma
sex cord stromal tumors
end-stage renal failure kidneys look small and hypoechoic
it is more accurate on diagnosing cystic lesions than solid masses
it is able to detect tumors as small as 2 mm
cortical carbuncle might be mistaken for hydronephrosis
using bladder scanner
measuring the voided urine
using abdominal ultrasonography
performing urinary catheterization
renal tuberculosis
renal abscess
renal cell carcinoma
angiomyolipoma
epididymal cysts
testicular tumors
renal stones
penile vasculature