Mammary glands, hairs, gill slits
Notochord, gill slits and dorsal ! tubular nervous system
Notochord, scales and dorsal tubular nervous system
Gill slits, vertebral column and notochoitl
well developed body cavity with alimentary canal
dorsal tubular nerve cord
ventrally situated heart
all of these
Starfish
Dogfish
Silver fish
Goldfish
Cetacea
Chiroptera
lnsectivora
Lagomorpha
Fishes and Echinodermata
Coelentrata and Echinodermata
Porifera and Coelentrata
Echinodermata and Protochordata
leech
tapeworm
earthworm
slug
Peripatus
Limulus
Balanoglossus
Sphenodon
chitinous exoskeleton, external segmentation and paired appendages
chitinous exoskeleton, external segmentation and paired jointed appendages
chitinous exoskeleton and paired antennae
chitinous exoskeleton, antennae and compound eyes
Amphioxus and Balangolossus
Petromyzon and Myxine
Herdmania and Myxine
Herdmania and Amphioxus
Scales
Eggs
Shelled eggs
Gills
shark
whale
frog
lizard
frog
tortoise
salamander
toad
Liver fluke, tapeworm, roundworm, guinea worm
Oyster, ship-worm, octopus, cuttle fish
Prawn, neries, crab, millipede
Sea urchin, sea fan, sea lily, sea pen
Arthropoda
Platyhelminthes
Chordata
Protozoa
Cydostomata
Fishes
Reptiles
Mammals
Carolus Linnaeus
E. Haeckel
G.L. Cuvier
John Ray
Porifera - Sea fan
Crustacea - Cuttle fish
Platyhelminthes - Neries
Martigophora - Volvox
Insecta
Myriapoda
Arachnida
Onychophora
Flame cellsplatyhelminthes
Stinging cellscoelenterata
Metameric segmentationmollusca
Gill slitschordata
John Ray
Charles Darwin
Carolus Linnaeus
Robert Gunther
Ascaris, Hydra, Earthworm
Leech, Hydra, Tapeworm
Hydra, Man, Leech
Tapeworm, Toad, Starfish
Mammalia
Carnivora
Canidae
Catiisfamilaris
birds and mammals
birds and reptiles
reptiles and mammals
reptiles, birds and mammals
porifera
coelentrata
annelida
mollusca
aschelminthes
annelida
arthropoda
echinodermata
natural relationships, reflecting evolutionary relationship
morphological similarities between organisms
embryologicall, biochemical, phisio-loical and ecological considerations
both (b) and (c)
Mollusca, cockroach, centipede
Turbellaria, cestoda, trematoda
Both (a) and (b)
None of these
Lizard
Frog
Rabbit
Cuttlefish
immotile, radially symmetrical animals
motile, bilaterally symmetrical animals
bilaterally symmetrical, non-motile terrestrial animals
both (b) and (c)
shark
mud puppy
bony fish
fish