Precipitation of fine alloy carbides at high temperatures
Refinement of ferrite grain size by working
Decomposition of retained austenite upon heat treatment
Precipitation of complex inter-metallic upon heat treatment
C. Decomposition of retained austenite upon heat treatment
5
1.25
2.5
3.75
Martensitic steels are less susceptible to pitting corrosion than austenitic steels
Pitting corrosion is usually very localised
Hydrogen embrittlement is facilitated by tensile stress
Stress corrosion cracking is facilitated by tensile stress
Close the surface porosity
Break the continuity of columnar grains
Flatten the weldment
Introduce texture in the weld
180°
212°
32°
273°
Carbon and other alloying elements get oxidised from the weld pool
Excessive ferrite forms in the heat affected zone leading to poor toughness of the weld
Martensite forms in the heat affected zone leading to poor toughness/ductility of the weld
Segregation of carbon and other element occurs in the weld pool leading to poor properties of the weld
High brittleness
Higher tendency to distort
High ductility
None of these
Invar
Hastelloy
Duralumin
Monel metal
Critical
Breeder
Fertile
Heterogeneous
25
45
65
20
Cryolite
Azurite
Chalcopyrite
Malachite
Seamless & made of steel
Heat treated before use
Made by sand casting
Welded steel cylinders
300
800
1400
2000
Joule
Carnot
Rankine
Brayton
100% indirect reduction
100% direct reduction
50-60% indirect reduction
30-40% indirect reduction
Ductility
Semi-conductivity
Melting point
Yield stress
Decrease gradually
Increase gradually
Increase rapidly
Remain constant
Ethyl alcohol
Impurities
Methyl alcohol
Carbonic acid
Abrasion resistant
Corrosion resistant
Prone to season cracking
Machinable
Boring
Counter boring
Drilling
Enlarging
50
100
150
200
Silicon
Carbon
Phosphorous
Chromium
Ferrous
Ceramic
Cemented carbide
Non-ferrous cast alloy cutting tool
Martenistic
Bainitic
Pearlitic
Ferritic
Forging
Cold rolling
Hot rolling
Casting
Ferromagnetic
Semi-conductor
Paramagnetic
Ferroelectric
Flatness
Angle
Rotor balancing
Roughness
Surface finish of the sheet is poor
Sheet material has been given substantial spring back
Starting sheet has planer anisotropy due to its texture
Starting sheet has normal anisotropy due to its texture
Partial condensation of steam
Vibration of the pipeline
High degree of superheat of steam
Its exposure to torrential rain
Jet engine can work, where there is no atmosphere
Rocket engines cannot work, where there is no atmosphere
Rocket engines carry oxygen required for the combustion in the form of oxidiser
Jet engines also carry oxidiser