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4

Seminomas are classified as good risk when which of the following is (are) present:

A. stem from the periphery of the testis

B. no non-pulmonary visceral metastases

C. normal α-FP, β-hCG, and LDH markers

D. all of the above

Correct Answer :

D. all of the above


self-explanatory.

Related Questions

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4

Which of the following is NOT a risk factor for developing testicular cancers?

A. environmental conditions exposing the testes to high temperature

B. 47XXY genotype

C. prior testicular cancers

D. cryptorchidism

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4

What is true regarding biological markers of testicular cancers?

A. high levels of α-FP are found only in non-seminomas

B. high levels of α-FP may result from marijuana use

C. β-hCG levels above 10,000 mIU/mL are seen only in germ cell tumors and hepatocellular carcinoma

D. LDH is a useful marker for surveillance after tumor extirpation

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4

What is the percentage of germ cell tumors among all testicular cancers?

A. greater than 90%

B. lesser than 40%

C. greater than 70%

D. lesser than 20%

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4

What is false concerning tumor markers of seminoma?

A. in pure seminoma α-FP is normal

B. if syncytiotrophoblastic giant cells are present, β-hCG may be elevated

C. spermatocytic seminomas rarely metastasize without sarcomatous differentiation

D. pure seminoma constitutes approximately 90% of pure germ cell tumors

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4

What is false concerning post orchiectomy in clinical stage I seminoma?

A. active surveillance is recommended for patients with horseshoe kidney

B. adjuvant chemotherapy with a single dose of carboplatin is recommended as an alternative to radiation therapy

C. the number of positive nodes dissected dictates the number of chemotherapy cycles to be given

D. cure is possible after radical orchiectomy alone

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4

6.What is false regarding testicular cancer and cryptorchidism?

A. the risk of developing germ cell tumor when an undescended testis is in the abdomen is greater than when it is in the inguinal canal

B. orchiopexy for boys younger than 6 yrs. lowers the risk of cancer development

C. a normally descended testis carries 5-20% risk of developing cancer when its mate is undescended

D. the risk of cancer increases in cryptorchid patients over 33 yrs. of age

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4

Which subtype of germ cell tumors has the highest propensity for hematogenous spread?

A. yolk cell tumors

B. spermatocytic seminoma

C. choriocarcinoma

D. embryonal carcinoma

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4

What is false concerning surgical care for testicular cancer patients?

A. patients in whom retroperitoneal LN dissection (RPLND) reveals viable cancer cells after chemotherapy, subsequent chemotherapy is recommended

B. surgical resection is recommended for patients with residual disease after chemotherapy

C. open nerve-sparing RPLND might lead to premature ejaculation

D. in non-seminoma patients stage I-A, I-B, 1S on long-term surveillance, relapses are expected in 80% of cases within the first year after orchiectomy

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4

In seminomas, the risk factor(s ) for metastases (is) are:

A. rete testis involvement

B. tumor size greater than 4 cm

C. all of the above

D. β-hCG of ≥ 10,000 mIU/mL on diagnosis

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4

What is false concerning teratoma of the testis?

A. there is no clinical distinction between mature and immature teratoma

B. has no biological markers

C. is sensitive to chemotherapy

D. when large in size can be infiltrative and difficult to resect

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4

What is true regarding brain metastases of testicular cancers?

A. should be suspected in any patient with a very high hCG level on diagnosis

B. the commonest subtype that causes brain metastases is choriocarcinoma

C. these patients should receive 4 cycles of bleomycin-etoposide-cisplatin as first-line chemotherapy

D. early initiation of chemotherapy ensures a good prognosis

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4

With regard to pure subtypes of testicular tumors, which statement is false?

A. pure embryonal carcinoma may increase serum α-FP and hCG levels

B. pure seminoma increases serum hCG levels in 15% of cases but not α-FP

C. typically, endodermal sinus tumors dont increase any tumor marker

D. pure choriocarcinoma is associated with high hCG levels but not α-FP

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4

In testicular cancer patients with residual disease after chemotherapy, what type is found in approximately 45% of resected specimens?

A. polyembryoma

B. teratoma

C. embryonal carcinoma

D. mixed germ cell tumor

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4

What is false concerning intratubular germ cell neoplasia (ITGCN) of the testes?

A. adult choriocarcinoma arise from ITGCN

B. spermatocytic seminoma arises from ITGCN

C. typically, pediatric germ cell tumors (GCT) do not arise from ITGCN

D. ITGCN is the common precursor for most of adult male GCT

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4

What is the most common testicular neoplasm in men over 50?

A. lymphoma

B. spermatocytic seminoma

C. adenocarcinoma

D. cystadenoma

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4

Clinically, what does NOT mimic testicular cancer?

A. epididymo-orchitis

B. indirect inguinal hernia

C. testicular microlithiasis

D. syphilitic gumma

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4

Leydig cell tumors and Sertoli cell tumors are benign in:

A. 60%

B. 70%

C. 80%

D. 90%

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4

What is the most common presentation of testicular cancers?

A. unilateral hydrocele

B. dull ache or heavy sensation in the lower abdomen

C. painless swelling or a nodule in the testicle

D. incidental finding on scrotal ultrasonography

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4

Late toxicity of chemotherapy for testicular cancers might result in all of the following, EXCEPT:

A. peripheral neuropathy

B. renal failure

C. Raynaud phenomenon

D. hypogonadism

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4

What is the most common para-testicular tumor in adults?

A. rhabdomyosarcoma

B. liposarcoma

C. sarcomatoid tumor

D. angiosarcoma

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4

Testicular cancer patients with bulky retroperitoneal lymph node disease greater than 3 cm should:

A. undergo laparoscopic lymph node sampling

B. receive induction chemotherapy

C. undergo extensive retroperitoneal lymph node dissection

D. go for palliative therapy

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4

What is false regarding spermatocytic seminoma?

A. occurs in men over 60 yrs.

B. does not contain an isochromosome 12p

C. constitutes a considerable part of mixed germ cell tumors

D. rarely metastasizes without sarcomatous differentiation

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4

What is false concerning testicular tumor markers?

A. elevation of only α-FP indicates pure non-seminoma

B. elevation of α-FP might occur in chronic liver disease, hepatitis, and alcohol abuse

C. elevation of LDH indicates tumor burden and growth rate

D. elevation of β-hCG above 10,000 mIU/mL is seen only in germ cell tumors

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4

Seminomas are classified as good risk when which of the following is (are) present:

A. stem from the periphery of the testis

B. no non-pulmonary visceral metastases

C. normal α-FP, β-hCG, and LDH markers

D. all of the above

What is the correct answer?

4

After chemotherapy for testicular cancers, how long does it take for spermatogenesis to return to the norm?

A. 3 months

B. 3 spermatogenic cycles

C. 3 yrs.

D. damage is permanent

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4

What is true regarding retroperitoneal lymph nodes involvement in testicular cancers?

A. left testicular tumors spread to the periaortic lymph nodes

B. right testicular tumors spread to the interaortocaval lymph nodes

C. the fashion of further spread in the retroperitoneum is from right to left

D. all of the above

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4

What is the commonest testicular cancer in infants and young children?

A. choriocarcinoma

B. yolk cell tumor

C. embryonal carcinoma

D. seminoma

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4

What is false concerning testicular germ cell tumors (GCT)?

A. in a patient with a history of GCTs, the finding of testicular microlithiasis on ultrasonography poses a higher risk of intratubular germ cell neoplasia

B. occur bilaterally approximately 2% of cases

C. are extragonadal in 1 - 5%

D. are more likely to contain embryonal tumor cells than tumors arising in the testis

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4

Testicular germ cell tumors that produce only α-FP are:

A. yolk cell tumors

B. choriocarcinomas

C. embryonal carcinomas

D. pure seminomas

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4

Seminoma is rare in patients:

A. younger than 10 yrs.

B. older than 50 yrs.

C. between 20 27 yrs.

D. between 28 35 yrs.