0.3-0.4
12-14
3-4
20-25
C. 3-4
Copper
Nickel
Aluminium
Gold & silver
Shock loading
Vibration
Fatigue
Tension
Film
Nucleate
Transition
All modes of
Reduce the speed
Obtain variable speed
Increase the speed
Produce high torque
Body centred cubic (bcc)
Hexagonal close packed (hcp)
Face centred cubic (fcc)
None of these
1 kgf/m2
10 kgf/m2
10 kgf/mm2
1 kgf/mm2
Increases
Decreases
Remain same
May increase or decrease (depends on the suction pressure)
0.25
0.45
0.70
0.95
Equal to
Greater than
Less than
Either (A), (B) or (C); depends on the size of atom
Venting off (after burning) the excess inflammable/toxic gases at high pressure
Absorbing the pollutant gases from the furnace exhaust
Cooling of furnace exhaust gases
None of these
Suppresses any stress concentration produced in the parts
Enhances the yield point of the material
Introduces a compressive layer on the surface
Produces a better surface finish
Temperature
Area
Nature
All 'a', 'b' & 'c'
Tempering
Hardening
Annealing
Normalising
Liquid iron
Solid iron
Sponge iron
Iron saturated with carbon
The better insulation material should be put just next to pipe (i.e., inside)
The better insulating material should be put outside
Either of the insulating material could be put on either side
Steam temperature is considered before deciding as to which insulating material is to be put inside (i.e., just next to the pipe)
Ductile & resistant to corrosion/rusting
Weldable easily
Having uniform strength in all directions
Having maximum tensile strength along the lines of slag distribution
Carburising
Nitriding
Cyaniding
Annealing
Flanged iron
Collar
Flexible
Expansion
Manganese
Magnesium
Vanadium
Copper
Face centred cubic (fcc)
Body centred cubic (bcc)
Orthorhombic
Cubic
Sand
Magnesium silicate
Calcium silicate
Iron pyrite
Painted steel
Galvanised iron
Case hardened steel
Lead lined reactor
Tensile strength
Compressive strength
Young's modulus
Thermal co-efficient of expansion
Cyaniding
Parkerizing
Austempering
Martempering
Wet bulb temperature
Dry bulb temperature
Relative humidity
Specific humidity
Molybdenum
Chromium
Tungsten
Vanadium
Low toughness
No tendency to distort
High density
Very high toughness
H2SO3
HF
HNO3
K2Cr2O7
Horizontal
Vertical
Inclined
Any
Providing support for the tubes
Improving heat transfer
Both 'a' & 'b'
Preventing the fouling of tubes & stagnation of shell side fluid