Conduction
Convection
Radiation
Conduction and radiation combined
C. Radiation
More than those for liquids
Less than those for liquids
More than those for solids
Dependent on the viscosity
Black bodies
Polished bodies
All coloured bodies
All of the above
α = 1, ρ = 0 and τ = 0
α = 0, ρ = 1 and τ = 0
α = 0, ρ = 0 and τ = 1
α + ρ = 1 and τ = 0
Reynold's number
Grashoff's number
Reynold's number, Grashoff's number
Prandtl number, Grashoff's number
Thermometer
Thermistor
Thermocouple
None of these
0.002
0.02
0.01
0.1
Conduction
Convection
Radiation
Conduction and convection
Liquids
Energy
Temperature
Entropy
Conduction
Convection
Radiation
Conduction and convection
High thickness of insulation
High vapour pressure
Less thermal conductivity insulator
A vapour seal
The heat transfer in liquid and gases takes place according to convection.
The amount of heat flow through a body is dependent upon the material of the body.
The thermal conductivity of solid metals increases with rise in temperature
Logarithmic mean temperature difference is not equal to the arithmetic mean temperature difference.
Blast furnace
Heating of building
Cooling of parts in furnace
Heat received by a person from fireplace
Conduction
Free convection
Forced convection
Radiation
k/h₀
2k/h₀
h₀/k
h₀/2k
P = 0, x = 0 and a = 1
P=1, x = 0, and a = 0
P = 0, T= 1, and a = 0
X = 0, a + p = 1
Improve heat transfer
Provide support for tubes
Prevent stagnation of shell side fluid
All of these
The time taken to attain the final temperature to be measured
The time taken to attain 50% of the value of initial temperature difference
The time taken to attain 63.2% of the value of initial temperature difference
Determined by the time taken to reach 100°C from 0°C
A grey body is one which absorbs all radiations incident on it.
At thermal equilibrium, the emissivity and absorptivity are same.
The energy absorbed by a body to the total energy falling on it, is called emissivity.
A perfect body is one which is black in colour.
Steam
Solid ice
Melting ice
Water
P = 0, x = 0 and a = 1
P=1, x = 0 and a = 0
P = 0, x = 1 and a = 0
X = 0, a + p = 1 Where a = absorptivity, p = reflectivity, X = transmissivity.
Move actually
Do not move actually
Affect the intervening medium
Does not affect the intervening medium
m²/hr
m²/hr °C
kcal/m² hr
kcal/m. hr °C
Velocity reduction method
Equal friction method
Static regains method
Dual or double method
Electric heater
Steam condenser
Boiler
Refrigerator condenser coils
Stanton number
Biot number
Peclet number
Grashoff number
Kirchoffs law
Stefan's law
Wien' law
Planck's law
Convection
Radiation
Conduction
Both convection and conduction
Minimum energy
Maximum energy
Both (A) and (B)
None of these
Watt/mK
Watt/m²K²
Watt/m²K4
Watt/mK²
Glass
Water
Plastic
Air