Plane surveying
Geodetic surveying
Star observations
Planet observations
C. Star observations
March 21
June 21
September 21
December 22
May have tilt up to 30°
May include the image of the horizon
May not include the image of the horizon
None of these
Principal distance
Principal line
Isocentric distance
Focal length
- 8.8 cos α
+ .8 sin α
+ 8.8 cos α
- 8.8 cos α
Rational horizon
True horizon
Celestial horizon
All the above
The length of the air base is increased
The scale of the model is altered
y-parallax is not affected
All the above
1000 km
800 km
600 km
500 km
1°
2°
3°
4°
The standard meridian
The international date line
That of Greenwich
Both (a) and (c) of above
Rotate round the North Pole
Rotate round the celestial pole
Remain always above the horizon
Are seldom seen near the pole star
0.01 second
0.001 second
0.0001 second
None of these
Positive for points above datum
Negative for points below datum
Zero for points vertically below the air station
All the above
Control points for surveys of large areas
Control points for photogrammetric surveys
Engineering works, i.e. terminal points of long tunnels, bridge abutments, etc.
All the above
Isocenter
Principal point
Perspective centre
Plumb line
Astronomical latitude
Astronomical longitude
Astronomical bearing
All of these
Elevation of the elevated pole
Declination of the observer's zenith
Angular distance along the observer's meridian between equator and the observer
All the above
Mean sun
First point of Aries
First point of Libra
The polar star
Tangents of two adjacent parts
Sines of two adjacent parts
Cosines of two adjacent parts
Both (a) and (b) above
Mean sun
True sun
Vernal equinox
All the above
Principal point coincides the isocenter
Iso-centre coincides the plumb point
Plumb point coincides the principal point
All the above
Nadir point
Iso centre
Principal point
All the above
Geodetic triangulation of greatest possible sides and accuracy is carried out
Primary triangles are broken down into secondary triangles of somewhat lesser accuracy
Secondary triangles are further broken into third and fourth order triangles, the points of which are used for detail surveys
All the above
Parallel to the principal line
Perpendicular to the principal line
Along the bisector of the angle between the principal line and a perpendicular line through principal plane
None of these
A great circle passing through the place and the poles
A great circle whose plane is perpendicular to the axis of rotation and it also passes through the place
A semi-circle which passes through the place and is terminated at the poles
An arc of the great circle which passes through the place and is perpendicular to the equator
9 cos α
9 sin α
9 tan α
9 cot α
Astronomical latitude
Astronomical co-latitude
Co-declination of star
Declination of star
Declination must be 0°
Declination must be 90°
Distance from the pole must be less than the latitude of the observer
Hour angle must be 180°
Is the point in the celestial sphere where zero meridian crosses the celestial equator
Is usually denoted by the Greek letter γ
Is located near the very conspicuous rectangle of stars in the constellations of Pegasus and Andromeda
All the above
Declination
Altitude
Zenith distance
Co-latitude
Normal to base line
Parallel to base line
Both (a) and (b)
Neither (a) nor (b)