Duralumin
Y-alloy
Magnalium
Hindalium
D. Hindalium
63 to 67% nickel and 30% copper
88% copper, 10% tin and rest zinc
Alloy of tin, lead and cadmium
Iron scrap and zinc
Copper, zinc and iron
Iron, nickel and copper
Iron, lead and tin
Iron, aluminium and magnesium
3 m
6 m
9 m
12 m
Fixed structure at all temperatures
Atoms distributed in random pattern
Different crystal structures at different temperatures
Any one of the above
Body centered cubic
Face centered cubic
Hexagonal close packed
Cubic structure
0.02 %
0.3 %
0.63 %
0.8 %
35
57
710
1015
Cementite
Free carbon
Flakes
Nodular aggregates of graphite
400°C to 600°C
600°C to 900°C
900°C to 1400°C
1400°C to 1530°C
At which crystals first start forming from molten metal when it is cooled
At which new spherical crystals first begin to form from the old deformed one when a strained metal is heated
At which change of allotropic form takes place
At which crystals grow bigger in size
Silver and some impurities
Refined silver
Nickel, Copper and zinc
Nickel and copper
1% silver
2% silver
5% silver
No silver
0.2 %
0.5 %
0.8 %
1.0 %
Free form
Combined form
Nodular form
Partly in free and partly in combined state
Six
Twelve
Eighteen
Twenty
It is prone to age hardening
It can be forged
It has good machining properties
It is lighter than pure aluminium
Tin, antimony, copper
Tin and copper
Tin and lead
Lead and zinc
50 : 50
40 : 60
60 : 40
20 : 80
Uranium
Thorium
Niobium
All of these
Copper and zinc
Copper and tin
Copper, tin and zinc
None of these
Hearth
Stack
Bosh
Throat
0.05 to 0.20 %
0.20 to 0.45 %
0.45 to 0.55 %
0.55 to 1.0 %
87.75% Sn, 4% Cu, 8% Sb, 0.25% Bi
90% Sn, 2% Cu, 4% Sb, 2% Bi, 2% Mg
87% Sn, 4% Cu, 8% Sb, 1% Al
82% Sn, 4% Cu, 8% Sb, 3% Al, 3% Mg
Lead base alloy
Tin base alloy
Copper base alloy
Both (A) and (C) above
Modulus of elasticity is fairly low
Wear resistance is very good
Fatigue strength is not high
Creep strength limits its use to fairly low temperatures
Creep
Hot tempering
Hot hardness
Fatigue
0.1 to 0.3 %
0.3 to 0.6 %
0.6 to 0.8 %
0.8 to 1.5 %
Ferrite
Pearlite
Austenite
Ferrite and cementite
Machinability
Hardness
Hardness and strength
Strength and ductility
Ability to undergo large permanent deformations in compression
Ability to recover its original form
Ability to undergo large permanent deformations in tension
All of the above