Nature of the body
Temperature of the body
Type of surface of the body
All of these
D. All of these
P = 0, x = 0 and a = 1
P=1, x = 0, and a = 0
P = 0, T= 1, and a = 0
X = 0, a + p = 1
Increase
Decrease
Remain unaffected
May increase/decrease depending on temperature and thickness of insulation
More than those for liquids
Less than those for liquids
More than those for solids
Dependent on the viscosity
Improve heat transfer
Provide support for tubes
Prevent stagnation of shell side fluid
All of these
Is black in colour
Reflects all heat
Transmits all heat radiations
Absorbs heat radiations of all wave lengths falling on it
Cold body to hot body
Hot body to cold body
Smaller body to larger body
Larger body to smaller body
1 : 1
2 : 1
1 : 2
4 : 1
K cal/kg m² °C
K cal m/hr m² °C
K cal/hr m² °C
K calm/hr °C
Increases
Decreases
Remain constant
May increase or decrease depending on temperature
Glass
Water
Plastic
Air
Emissivity
Transmissivity
Reflectivity
Intensity of radiation
Conduction
Convection
Radiation
Scattering
P = 0, x = 0 and a = 1
P=1, x = 0 and a = 0
P = 0, x = 1 and a = 0
X = 0, a + p = 1 Where a = absorptivity, p = reflectivity, X = transmissivity.
From one particle of the body to another without the actual motion of the particles
From one particle of the body to another by the actual motion of the heated particles
From a hot body to a cold body, in a straight line, without affecting the intervening medium
None of the above
tm = (Δt1 - Δt2)/ loge (Δt1/Δt2)
tm = loge (Δt1/Δt2)/ (Δt1 - Δt2)
tm = tm = (Δt1 - Δt2) loge (Δt1/Δt2)
tm = loge (Δt1 - Δt2)/ Δt1/Δt2
Below which a gas does not obey gas laws
Above which a gas may explode
Below which a gas is always liquefied
Above which a gas will never liquefied
Move actually
Do not move actually
Affect the intervening medium
Does not affect the intervening medium
Change vapour into liquid
Change liquid into vapour
Increase the temperature of a liquid or vapour
Convert water into steam and superheat it
Increases
Decreases
Remain constant
May increase or decrease depending on temperature
Composition
Density
Porosity
All of the above
k/h₀
2k/h₀
h₀/k
h₀/2k
Liquids
Energy
Temperature
Entropy
Aluminium
Steel
Brass
Copper
Stanton number
Biot number
Peclet number
Grashoff number
Thermal conductivity to the equivalent thickness of the film of fluid
Temperature drop through the films of fluids to the thickness of film of fluids
Thickness of film of fluid to the thermal conductivity
Thickness of film of fluid to the temperature drop through the films of fluids
25 mm
40 mm
160 mm
800 mm
Remain same
Decreases
Increases
May increase or decrease depending upon temperature
Equal to
Directly proportional to
Inversely proportional to
None of these
Nature of the body
Temperature of the body
Type of surface of the body
All of these
Reynold's number
Grashoff's number
Reynold's number, Grashoff's number
Prandtl number, Grashoff's number