Substitution effect
Income effect
Both substitution and income effect
None of them
A. Substitution effect
Costs per unit of output are lowest
Total profits are highest
Marginal cost is lowest
Profit per unit of output is zero
Demand becomes less elastic
Elasticity does not change
Demand has unitary elasticity
Demand becomes more elastic
Independence of firms
Interdependence of firms
Independence of individuals
Interdependence of materials
Zero
Infinite
Equal to one
Greater than zero but less than infinite
From different groups of consumers
For different uses
At different places
Any of the above
Straight line
Convex to origin
Concave to origin
Lshaped
Complements
Close substitutes
Both a and b
None of the above
Collusive oligopoly
Non-collusive oligopoly
Cartel
Perfect competition
It is given to a lot of criticism
It is too difficult to be explained
It is based on assumptions which are unreal
Economists do not agree on this
Both move together and reinforce each other
One moves and the other remains constant
Move in the opposite direction and neutralize each other
Both remain constant
Competitors will follow a price increase but not a price cut
Competitors will follow a price increase as well as a price cut
Competitors will ignore both a price increase and a price cut
Competitors will ignore a price increase but will follow a price cut
Policy on trade
Policy against inflation
The making of index numbers
Labor theory
Technical relationship between input of a variable factor and the resulting output
Any economic relationship between input and output
An output maximizing relationship
A relationship with input changing and corresponding changes in output
A strategy taken by a dominant firm
A strategy taken by a firm in order to dominate its rivals
A strategy that is optimal for a player no matter an opponent does
A strategy that leaves every player in a game better off
Negative
Positive
Zero
Infinite
Adam Smith
David Ricardo
Alfred Marshal
A.C.Pigou
Immediate-run decision
Market period decision
Short-run decision
Long-run decision
Concave to the origin
Convex to the origin
Tangent to the origin
None of the above
Marshallian demand curve
Hicksian demand curve
Slutsky demand curve
All the above
Vertical
Horizontal
Controlled by the largest producers
Unaffected by inflation
Positive
Negative
Zero
None of the above
Marginal usefulness
Marginal cost
Both of them
None of them
Lowering the price, if the demand curve is elastic
Lowering the price, if the demand curve is inelastic
Rising the price, if the demand curve is elastic
None of the above is applicable
Market price
Equilibrium price
Long-term price
Short-term price
Consumer tastes
Prices of inputs
Technology
Number of sellers
Output is effected
Equilibrium is effected
Input is effected
Reputation is effected
Maximize output
Minimize output
Minimize cost
Maximize profit
E.H.Chamberlin
Joan Robinson
E.A.G.Robinson
J.M.Keynes
Theory of price
Theory of value
Theory of labor
Theory of cost
Charge different prices, but produce identical outputs
Produce different outputs, but charge identical prices
Charge different prices, and produce different outputs
None of the above