Humidity
Temperature
Vibration
Contamination
B. Temperature
C8H18
C7H17
C6H18
C7H18
A maintenance free battery requires little maintenance during normal use and it is sufficient to add water instead of an electrolyte containing sulphuric acid
A maintenance free battery has a relatively short shelf life when compared with standard batteries
Since it is sealed, the water in maintenance free battery is not lost through evaporation thus accordingly it is not necessary to top up the cells with water
Recharging of a maintenance free battery is neither required nor possible
Higher
Lower
Same
Depends on fuel quality
Piston oil hole
Snap ring
Valve recess
Valve clearance
Supply electric power
Converts mechanical energy into electrical energy
Continually recharges the battery
Partly converts engine power into electric power
SAE 30
API SF
SAE 20 W50
API 50
1
2
3
4
Petrol vapours
Water vapours
Carbon monoxide
All of these
Improves steering comfort when steering wheel is turned to effect small changes in the direction of forward motion
Allows the steering wheel to be turned by a greater amount when steering
Makes the steering more responsive
Reduces the amount of kickback for large steering angles
Brakes function more effectively
Brakes fail completely
Brake operation is delayed after depression of the brake pedal
Vapour locking has no effect on brake performance
It is lighter and has good heat dissipation characteristics
Material cost is low
It does not require any cylinder liners
The piston is also made of aluminium alloy
Pistons
Rocker arms
Camshaft pulley
Valve stems
Absorb the vibrations transferred from the surface of the road
Compensate for variations in the relative positions of the differential and the wheels which result from bumpy road surfaces or other similar driving conditions.
Absorb any difference in speed between the left and right wheels when the vehicle is turning
None of the above
Lead peroxide (PbO₂)
Spongy lead (Pb)
Lead sulphate (PbSO₄)
Sulphuric acid (H₂SO₄)
Steering wheel, steering gearbox, steering shaft, tie rod, steering knuckle, front wheels
Steering wheel, steering shaft, steering gearbox, tie rod, steering knuckle, front wheels
Steering wheel, steering shaft, steering gearbox, steering knuckle, tie rod, front wheels
Steering wheel, tie rod, steering gearbox, steering shaft, steering knuckle, front wheels
Tetraethyl lead
Trimethyl pentane
Amyl nitrate
Hexadecane
It makes petrol engines lighter
Higher or equivalent compression ratio in petrol engines is not possible due to pre-ignition
Less compression ratio gives better performance
It is just customary to have less compression ratio in petrol engines
Delivers improved cornering on dry road surfaces
Eliminates the need of snow tyres, tyre chains, etc.
Ensures effective transmission of engine torque to all four wheels, even on slippery road surfaces
Ensures that effective braking can be performed, even on slippery surfaces
Lubricates the cylinder wall by releasing oil from its hole
Keeps the cylinder wall lubricated by holding oil in its channel
Prevents engine oil from going into the combustion chamber and returns excess lubricating oil off the cylinder wall through the return holes in the piston to the oil pan
Maintains a seal and prevents escape of burned gases and oil leakage
Optimisation of exhaust efficiency
Reduction of exhaust noise
Reduction of nitrogen oxide in the exhaust gases
Reduction of the exhaust gas volume
Contact areas of the tyres
Free plays of the steering wheel
Turning radius of the left and right wheels
Difference in the toe angles of the left and right wheels
Diameter and bore
Displacement and efficiency
Bore and stroke
Bore and length
Camber
Caster
Toe
Steering gear ratio
Spark ignition (S.I.) engines
Compression ignition (C.I.) engines
Steam engines
None of these
Reduce the resistance to sliding that occurs between the cam and the tappet
Allow for lengthening of the valves owing to the heat of combustion
Increase the speed at which the valves move up and down
Make the crankshaft turn smoothly
Moves the synchronizer
Selects the synchronizer
Meshes the gears
Operates the clutch
Aluminium
Ceramic
Cast iron
Fibre reinforced plastic
45°
60°
90°
130°
Ensure that equal pressure is supplied to the front and rear brakes throughout every braking operation
Reduce the brake fluid pressure when the brakes approach their lockup point
Cause less brake fluid pressure to act on the front brakes than on the rear brakes when the fluid pressure exceeds a predetermined level
Cause less brake fluid pressure to act on the rear brakes than on the front brakes when the fluid pressure exceeds a predetermined level.
Four stroke I.C. engines
Two stroke I.C. engines
V6 engines
None of these