Promotes the mixture of air and fuel
Reduces intake noise
Cools the intake air to a suitable temperature
Distributes intake air equally to the cylinders
D. Distributes intake air equally to the cylinders
5 %
10 %
15 %
20 %
Optimisation of exhaust efficiency
Reduction of exhaust noise
Reduction of nitrogen oxide in the exhaust gases
Reduction of the exhaust gas volume
Piston crown
Connecting rod
Piston pin boss
Piston skirt
Aluminium
Ceramic
Cast iron
Fibre reinforced plastic
Compression and oil control rings
Compression and sliding seal rings
Oil scrapper and oil control rings
Pressure and sealing rings
DOT 4 fluids have a higher boiling point than DOT 3 fluid
DOT 4 fluids have a lower boiling point than DOT 3 fluid
DOT 3 and DOT 4 fluids have the same boiling point, but DOT 4 fluid has a longer service life
DOT 4 fluid is more resistant to freezing than DOT 3 fluid
0.2 mm
0.5 mm
1 mm
1.5 mm
Cast iron and steel
Cast iron and aluminium alloy
Steel and aluminium alloy
Brass and steel
The drive shafts are splined to the differential carrier.
The left side gear and the differential carrier rotate in constant unison.
The differential carrier houses differential pinion gears and side gears; each pinion gear meshes with a different side gear.
The differential carrier houses differential pinion gears and side gears
1
2
3
4
Spark plug gap too small
Spark plug gap too wide
Vapours lock in the fuel only
Incorrect fuel air mixture
Vehicle speed
Torsional vibrations
Jerky starts
None of these
Spark ignition (S.I.) engines
Compression ignition (C.I.) engines
Steam engines
None of these
Appears milky
Become foamy
Turns black
None of these
Oxidation
Octane number
Volatility
Cetane number
36.5-38.5 MJ/kg
39.4-42.5 MJ/kg
42.7-43.5 MJ/kg
45.5-47 MJ/kg
Passenger cars
Matadors
Tractors
Trucks
Chain drive
Gear drive
Flat belt drive
V-belt drive
Brake effort
Tractive effort
Clutch effort
None of these
Excessive steering alignment torque
Hard steering
Too much traction
Uneven tyre wear
Brake drags
Brake fades
Vapour locking occurs in the brake lines
Antilock braking system malfunctions
Ineffectiveness of the brakes
Judder during braking
Localized wearing of the brake pads
Rapid wearing of the brake pads
All plies run parallel to one another
Belts of steel mesh are used in the tyres
One ply layer runs diagonally one way and another layer runs diagonally the other way
All of the above
Higher
Lower
Same
Depends on fuel quality
Improves steering comfort when steering wheel is turned to effect small changes in the direction of forward motion
Allows the steering wheel to be turned by a greater amount when steering
Makes the steering more responsive
Reduces the amount of kickback for large steering angles
Brake pedal, master cylinder, brake lines, vacuum servo mechanism, brake pads
Brake pedal, vacuum servo mechanism, master cylinder, brake lines, brake pads
Brake pedal, master cylinder, vacuum servo mechanism, brake lines, brake pads
Brake pedal, brake lines, vacuum servo mechanism, master cylinder, brake pads
Absorb the energy
Dissipate the energy
Release the energy
Increase the energy
Near the centre
Near the edges
In the lateral direction
In the cross direction
Tube type and tubeless
Solid and tubeless
Air and pneumatic
Split rim and drop centre
9
90
900
9000