(D/2d) + 5
(D/2d) + 10
(D/2d) + 15
(D/2d) + 20
C. (D/2d) + 15
Discharge a diameter
Head a speed²
Head a diameter
Power a speed⁴
Friction loss
Cavitations
Static head
Loss of kinetic energy
Directly proportional to H1/2
Inversely proportional to H1/2
Directly proportional to H3/2
Inversely proportional to H3/2
(W/p) × (A/a)
(p/W) × (a/A)
(W/p) × (a/A)
(p/W) × (A/a)
0 to 25 m
25 m to 250 m
Above 250 m
None of these
0.50 to 0.65
0.65 to 0.75
0.75 to 0.85
0.85 to 0.90
Horizontal
Nearly horizontal
Steep
First rise and then fall
Straight
Bent forward
Bent backward
Radial
Pelton wheel
Kaplan turbine
Francis turbine
None of these
Directly as the air or gas density
Inversely as square root of density
Inversely as density
As square of density
Same quantity of liquid
0.75 Q
Q/0.75
1.5 Q
P/ √H
P/ H
P/ H3/2
P/ H²
Directly proportional to diameter of its impeller
Inversely proportional to diameter of its impeller
Directly proportional to (diameter)² of its impeller
Inversely proportional to (diameter)² of its impeller
Low head of water
High head of water
Medium head of water
High discharge
(1 + cos φ)/2
(1 - cos φ)/2
(1 + sin φ)/2
(1 - sin φ)/2
Directly as fan speed
Square of fan speed
Cube of fan speed
Square root of fan speed
At the top
At the bottom
At the canter
From sides
Centrifugal pump
Mixed flow pump
Axial flow pump
Any one of the above
Rotational flow
Radial
Forced spiral vortex flow
Spiral vortex flow
In an impulse turbine, the water impinges on the buckets with pressure energy.
In a reaction turbine, the water glides over the moving vanes with kinetic energy.
In an impulse turbine, the pressure of the flowing water remains unchanged and is equal to atmospheric pressure.
In a reaction turbine, the pressure of the flowing water increases after gliding over the vanes.
Directly proportional to H1/2
Inversely proportional to H1/2
Directly proportional to H3/2
Inversely proportional to H3/2
10 r.p.m.
20 r.p.m.
40 r.p.m.
80 r.p.m.
Double
Three times
Four times
Five times
Suction lift + Loss of head in suction pipe due to friction + Delivery lift + Loss of head in delivery pipe due to friction + Velocity head in the delivery pipe
Workdone per kN of water Losses within the impeller
Energy per kN at outlet of impeller Energy per kN at inlet of impeller
All of the above
175.4 r.p.m.
215.5 r.p.m.
241.5 r.p.m.
275.4 r.p.m
Equal to
1.2 times
1.8 times
Double
Delivers unit discharge under unit head
Delivers unit discharge under unit speed
Develops unit power under unit head
Develops unit power under unit speed
Net head
Absolute velocity
Blade velocity
Flow
waVr /g × (Vr + v)
waVr /g × (Vr - v)
waVr /g × (Vr + v)²
waVr /g × (Vr - v)²
Full load speed
The speed at which turbine runner will be damaged
The speed if the turbine runner is allowed to revolve freely without load and with the wicket gates wide open
The speed corresponding to maximum overload permissible