p.t.σt
d.t.σc
π/4 × d² × σt
π/4 × d² × σc
B. d.t.σc
0°
30°
45°
90°
Fixed at both ends
Fixed at one end and free at the other end
Supported on more than two supports
Extending beyond the supports
Shear force changes sign
Shear force is maximum
Bending moment changes sign
Bending moment is maximum
Oxygen
Sulphur
Nitrogen
Carbon
Inversely proportional to strain
Directly proportional to strain
Square root of strain
Equal to strain
3 to 6
5 to 8
15 to 20
20 to 30
The first row
The second row
The central row
One rivet hole of the end row
Equal to
Less than
Greater than
None of these
Carbon and hydrogen
Oxygen and hydrogen
Sulphur and oxygen
Sulphur and hydrogen
Maximum at periphery and zero at center
Maximum at center
Uniform throughout
None of the above
Cracking
Carbonisation
Fractional distillation
Full distillation
Frequent heat treatment
Fatigue
Creep
Shock loading
4/7
11/4
9/7
All of these
Area of cross-section of the column
Length and least radius of gyration of the column
Modulus of elasticity for the material of the column
All of the above
Bearing stresses
Fatigue stresses
Crushing stresses
Resultant stresses
(23/100) × Mass of excess carbon
(23/100) × Mass of excess oxygen
(100/23) × Mass of excess carbon
(100/23) × Mass of excess oxygen
Petrol engine
Diesel engine
Reversible engine
Irreversible engine
Remains constant
Decreases
Increases
None of these
(p - 2d) t × σc
(p - d) t × τ
(p - d) t × σt
(2p - d) t × σt
Breaking stress
Fracture stress
Yield point stress
Ultimate tensile stress
Acts at a point on a beam
Spreads non-uniformly over the whole length of a beam
Spreads uniformly over the whole length of a beam
Varies uniformly over the whole length of a beam
Gauge pressure = Absolute pressure + Atmospheric pressure
Absolute pressure = Gauge pressure + Atmospheric pressure
Absolute pressure = Gauge pressure - Atmospheric pressure
Atmospheric pressure = Absolute pressure + Gauge pressure
Wood charcoal
Bituminous coke
Pulverised coal
Coke
Proportional limit, elastic limit, yielding, failure
Elastic limit, proportional limit, yielding, failure
Yielding, proportional limit, elastic limit, failure
None of the above
wl/4
wl/2
wl
wl²/2
Same
Half
Two times
Four times
The material A is more ductile than material B
The material B is more ductile than material A
The ductility of material A and B is equal
The material A is brittle and material B is ductile
δQ = T.ds
δQ = T/ds
dQ = ds/T
None of these
No stress
Shear stress
Tensile stress
Compressive stress
Its length is very small
Its cross-sectional area is small
The ratio of its length to the least radius of gyration is less than 80
The ratio of its length to the least radius of gyration is more than 80