Temperature
Volume
Density
None of these
C. Density
Not effect
Decrease
Increase
None of these
Increase
Reduce
Not effect
None of these
6 to 10
10 to 15
15 to 25
25 to 40
Piston ring and cylinder wear
Formation of hard coating on piston skirts
Oil sludge in the engine crank case
Detonation
130°
180°
230°
270°
Fuel pump
Governor
Injector
Carburettor
Requires smaller foundation
Is lighter
Consumes less lubricating oil
All of these
2 %
4 %
8 %
14 %
Compression starts at 35° after bottom dead center and ends at top dead center
Compression starts at bottom dead center and ends at top dead center
Compression starts at 10° before bottom dead center and, ends just before top dead center
May start and end anywhere
Arrangement of the cylinders
Design of crankshaft
Number of cylinders
All of these
1 valve
2 valves
3 valves
4 valves
1 sec
0.1 sec
0.01 sec
0.001 sec
6 : 1
9 : 1
12 : 1
15 : 1
High heat value
Low heat value
Net calorific value
Calorific value
1 m3
5 m3
56 m3
910 m3
6 kg/cm
12 kg/cm
20 kg/cm
35 kg/cm
Mechanical efficiency
Overall efficiency
Volumetric efficiency
Relative efficiency
Larger
Slowed down
Smaller
Liquid
kcal
kcal/kg
kcal/m²
kcal/m3
Transformer
D.C. generator
Capacitor
Magnetic circuit
[2(V₀/V₁)]/ [1 + (V₀/V₁)²]
(V₀/V₁)/ [1 + (V₀/V₁)²]
V₀/(V₀ + V₁)
V₁/(V₀ + V₁)
In compression ignition engines, detonation occurs near the beginning of combustion.
Since the fuel, in compression ignition engines, is injected at the end of compression stroke, therefore, there will be no pre-ignition.
To eliminate knock in compression ignition engines, we want to achieve auto-ignition not early and desire a long delay period.
In compression ignition engines, because of heterogeneous mixture, the rate of pressure rise is comparatively lower.
Fuel pump
Injector
Carburettor
None of these
Unaffected
Lower
Higher
Dependent on other factors
Pre-ignition period
Delay period
Period of ignition
Burning period
Starts at 40° after bottom dead centre and ends at 10° before top dead centre
Starts at 40° before top dead centre and ends at 40° after top dead centre
Starts at top dead centre and ends at 40° before bottom dead centre
May start and end anywhere
Highly ignitable
More difficult to ignite
Less difficult to ignite
None of these
Air alone
Air and fuel
Air and lub oil
Fuel alone
To distribute spark
To distribute power
To distribute current
To time the spark
10 bar
20 bar
25 bar
35 bar