Suction exhaust power compression
Suction power compression exhaust
Suction compression power exhaust
Exhaust compression power suction
C. Suction compression power exhaust
Air
Automatic transmission fluid (ATF)
Gears
Steel belt
Wheels
Front axle
Steering system
Seats
P.L.A.N/2
P.L.A.N
2 × P.L.A.N
P.L.A.N/4
Otto cycle
Carnot cycle
Diesel cycle
Rankine cycle
Less than 20 kmph
Less than 40 kmph
Less than 60 kmph
More than 60 kmph
90
100
110
120
Release chamber
Balancer
Relief valve
Stop valve
It is desired to reduce the unsprung mass
It is desired to have more flexibility in design
It is desired to improve tyre to ground contact characteristics
Large changes in load make it necessary to have a large suspension stroke
Constant volume process
Constant pressure process
Constant temperature process
Adiabatic process
Insufficient air during combustion
Insufficient fuel during combustion
Low temperature combustion
High temperature combustion
Air-fuel ratio
Air temperature
Air flow speed
Exhaust gas volume
Reduce the resistance to sliding that occurs between the cam and the tappet
Allow for lengthening of the valves owing to the heat of combustion
Increase the speed at which the valves move up and down
Make the crankshaft turn smoothly
High octane petrol
Low octane petrol
Unleaded petrol
Blended fuel
Lead peroxide (PbO₂)
Spongy lead (Pb)
Lead sulphate (PbSO₄)
Sulphuric acid (H₂SO₄)
Near the centre
Near the edges
In the lateral direction
In the cross direction
Aluminium
Ceramic
Brass
Cast iron
An electric spark
The heat of compression
The hot exhaust
None of these
Cast iron and steel
Cast iron and aluminium alloy
Steel and aluminium alloy
Brass and steel
Spark ignition (S.I.) engines
Compression ignition (C.I.) engines
Steam engines
None of these
Increase
Decrease
Remain constant
Be doubled
Supply electricity to the alternator
Act as a reservoir or stabilizer of electricity
Supply electricity to the vehicle's electrical system at all times while the engine is running
Supply a large amount of power to turn the starter motor when the engine is being started
Lead peroxide (PbO₂)
Spongy lead (Pb)
Lead sulphate (PbSO₄)
Sulphuric acid (H₂SO₄)
Tendency to assume toe-out orientation
Generation of a braking effect at tight corners
Poor recovery of the steering wheel after making a turn
The vehicle to pull to the side of lesser inclination
4 : 1
8 : 1
15 : 1
20 : 1
17 : 1
15 : 1
13 : 1
10 : 1
Crown of the piston
Skirt of the piston
Piston walls
Piston rings
Too lean mixture
Stoichiometric mixture
Most economical mixture
Too rich mixture
Pistons
Rocker arms
Camshaft pulley
Valve stems
The drive shafts are splined to the differential carrier.
The left side gear and the differential carrier rotate in constant unison.
The differential carrier houses differential pinion gears and side gears; each pinion gear meshes with a different side gear.
The differential carrier houses differential pinion gears and side gears
Excessive steering alignment torque
Hard steering
Too much traction
Uneven tyre wear