The treatment of T2/Nx/M0 prostatic urethral cancer is:
en bloc resection involving total penectomy, cystoprostatectomy, resection of the pubic rami and urogenital diaphragm, with pelvic lymphadenectomy. In addition, creating a urinary diversion.
total penectomy involving removal of the penis, urethra, and penile root
partial penectomy involving excision of the malignant lesion with 2-cm margins
transurethral resection or fulguration
Correct Answer :
A. en bloc resection involving total penectomy, cystoprostatectomy, resection of the pubic rami and urogenital diaphragm, with pelvic lymphadenectomy. In addition, creating a urinary diversion.
T2 - tumors invade corpus spongiosum, prostate, or periurethral muscle and should be treated by en block resection.
Related Questions
Immediately following transurethral resection of bladder tumors, intravesical installation of which material(s) is(are) contraindicated?
epirubicin
mitomycin c
BCG
none of the above
Bladder cancer patients who once failed BCG vaccine, should:
undergo cystectomy
try mitomycin c
take a second course of BCG
take a second course of BCG + quinolones
In what percentages of patients do bilateral upper tract tumors occur either synchronously or metachronously?
0.6 - 2%
2 - 6%
6 - 10%
12 - 16%
The most significant prognostic factors for survival in female urethral cancers are:
sensitivity to chemotherapy and age at presentation
anatomic location and extent of the tumor
histologic type of the tumor and sensitivity to radiotherapy
tumors stage and grade
The treatment of muscle-invasive bladder cancer in men includes all of the following, EXCEPT:
radical cysto-prostatectomy
anterior pelvic exenteration
bilateral pelvic lymphadenectomy
creation of a urinary diversion
What gene mutation is common in carcinoma-in-situ of urinary bladder?
RB
cyclin A
HRAS
CD-44
The treatment of T2/Nx/M0 prostatic urethral cancer is:
en bloc resection involving total penectomy, cystoprostatectomy, resection of the pubic rami and urogenital diaphragm, with pelvic lymphadenectomy. In addition, creating a urinary diversion.
total penectomy involving removal of the penis, urethra, and penile root
partial penectomy involving excision of the malignant lesion with 2-cm margins
transurethral resection or fulguration
What percentage of bladder cancers is squamous cell type in origin?
2%
5%
70%
90%
Evaluation of painless hematuria includes all of the following,
EXCEPT:
urine cytology
CT urography
cystoscopy
renal function tests
What is the most common sarcoma of the bladder?
leiomyosarcoma
rhabdosarcoma
carcinosarcoma
neurosarcoma
What is the ideal vesical tumor patient for bladder preservation?
patients with carcinoma in situ
patients with completely resected solitary tumor
patients with preserved kidney and liver functions after 2 courses of BCG
patients with leiomyosarcoma
What is (are) the classic presentation(s) of bladder cancers?
irritative bladder symptoms
obstructive bladder symptoms
palpable suprapubic mass on physical examination
painless profuse hematuria
Which of the following is a risk factor for developing upper urinary tract tumors?
obesity
consuming artificial sweeteners
asbestosis
analgesic abuse
Partial penectomy for urethral cancer is indicated in:
infiltrative proximal penile urethral carcinomas
infiltrative distal penile urethral carcinomas
recurrent proximal penile urethral carcinoma after laser resection
T3/N2/M0 at bulbar urethra
What is NOT a contraindication to BCG treatment?
history of pulmonary TB
total incontinence
immunosuppression
impaired renal function
In women, what is the commonest type of cancers occurring in the proximal urethra?
adenocarcinoma
transitional cell carcinoma
squamous cell carcinoma
basal cell carcinoma
What is the most effective adjuvant intravesical therapy for bladder tumors?
cisplatin
BCG
mitomycin C
5-fluorouracil
What is the commonest type of primary urethral tumors?
adenocarcinoma
transitional cell carcinoma
squamous cell carcinoma
basal cell carcinoma
Once muscle invasion is detected in bladder cancers, what percentage of occult metastasis is expected?
30%
40%
50%
60%
While resecting a large bladder tumor located at the right lateral wall, the surgeon observes a bladder perforation, what should next step be?
continue the procedure as perforations at this site do no harm
abort the procedure and leave a urethral catheter
convert tumor removal to open method and repair the defect
perform abdominal exploration and manage accordingly
Regarding bladder neoplasia, squamous metaplasia differs from squamous dysplasia as the latter is/has:
well-differentiated tumor with broad-based invasive font
marked atypia distributed on wide areas of superficial urothelium
atypia is present
no atypia but marked degenerative epithelial changes
During women`s life span, what percentage of women will develop keratinizing squamous metaplasia of the bladder?
10%
20%
30%
40%
What is false concerning carcinoma-in-situ (CIS) of urinary tract?
frequently found in association with high-grade or extensive TCC
has a rate of progression to muscle invasion of 10-25%
significant areas of CIS are easily missed by routine cystoscopy
treatment begins with TURBT
The 5-yr survival rates of non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer are:
40 - 55%
55 - 70%
70 - 85%
85 - 100%
Risk factors for recurrence and progression of bladder cancers include the following:
multifocality
high tumor grade and advanced stage
presence of CIS
all of the above
The treatment of nonmuscle-invasive bladder cancer begins with:
single intravesical chemotherapy
TURBT
intravesical BCG vaccine
multiple bladder biopsies
What is the commonest type of tumor occurring in urethral diverticuli?
adenocarcinoma
transitional cell carcinoma
squamous cell carcinoma
basal cell carcinoma
In what percentages do upper tract urothelial tumors develop in patients with a bladder urothelial cancer?
2 - 4%
4 - 6%
6 - 8%
8 - 10%
On diagnosing bladder cancers, what advantage does urine cytology has over tumor markers?
high specificity
high sensitivity
high reliability
strong validity
What might occur while resecting a bladder mass at the posterolateral wall?
bladder perforation
obturator nerve reflex
vesico-ureteral reflux
terrible bleeding