Linearly
Non-linearly
Exponentially
Logarithmically
A. Linearly
Decreases
Increases
Remains the same
May increase or decrease, depending upon whether the fluid is Newtonian or non-Newtonian
Overhead cost
Working capital
Indirect production cost
Direct production cost
Stainless steel
Plain carbon steel
Nickel
Copper
Longer tubes are less expensive per unit heat transfer area as compared to shorter tubes
A cost index is merely a number for a given year showing the cost at that time relative to a certain base year
Turnover ratio of a chemical plant is the ratio of gross annual sales to the fixed capital investment
Plates with butt welded joints are less expensive compared to lap welded joints, because squaring of plates is not necessary
Straight line
Sinking fund
Present worth
Declining balance
Fixed charges and plant overhead cost
And plant overhead cost
Plant overhead cost and administrative expenses
None of these
Fabricated equipment and machinery
Process instruments and control
Pumps and compressor
Electrical equipments and material
Decreases
Increases
Increases linearly
Remain constant
The annual depreciation rate for machinery and equipments in a chemical process plant is about 10% of the fixed capital investment
Annual depreciation rate of buildings in a chemical plant is about 3% of its initial cost
Insurance rates on annual basis in a chemical plant may be about 1% of the fixed capital investment
In a chemical industry, research and development cost amounts to about 15% of net sales realisation (NSR)
Equipment installation cost
Equipment cost by scaling
Cost of piping
Utilities cost
p[(1+i)n - 1)]
p(1 + i)n
p(1 - i)n
p(1 + in)
15
35
55
75
Straight line method
Declining balance
Both (A) and (B)
Neither (A) nor (B)
Equipment selection
Product evaluation
Equipment design
Cost estimation
2
10
30
50
Gives a correct picture of profitability
Underemphasises liquidity
Does not measure the discounted rate of return
Takes into account the cash inflows after the recovery of investments
1
5
10
30
Water supply
Running a control laboratory
Property protection
Medical services
Costs (on annual basis) are constant when the straight line method is used for its determination
Is the unavoidable loss in the value of the plant, equipment and materials with lapse in time
Does figure in the calculation of income tax liability on cash flows from an investment
All (A), (B) and (C)
300
600
800
1000
One
Three
Six
Twelve
Berl saddles
Raschig rings
Pall rings
Intalox saddles
Cost benefit analysis
Floor area availability
Terminal parameters
Evaporation capacity required
Multiple straight line method
Sinking fund method
Declining balance method
Sum of the years digit method
R [{(1 + i)n - 1}/ i ]
R [{(1 + i)n - 1}/ i (1 + i)n]
R(1 + i)n
R/(1 + i)n
Present worth method
Sinking fund method
Sum of the years-digits method
All (A), (B) and (C)
Contingencies
Onsite and offsite costs
Labour costs
Raw material costs
Advertising
Warehousing
Legal fees
Customer service
Profit before interest and tax i.e., net profit + interest + tax
Profit after tax plus depreciation
Net profit + tax
Profit after tax
Quarterly
Semi-annually
Annually
In no case, they are equal