Balusters
Newel posts
Balustrades
Railings
B. Newel posts
The lowest layer consists of consolidated ground
A 10 cm thick clean sand is laid on consolidated ground
A 10 cm lime concrete (1 : 4 : 8) is laid on clean sand
A 10 cm thick cement concrete (1 : 2 : 4) is laid on top layer
Increase the depth of foundation
Drain the soil
Compact the soil
Replace the poor soil
There is no horizontal tie beam
There is a horizontal tie at the feet of rafters only
There is a horizontal tie at almost the middle of rafters only
There are two horizontal ties, one at the feet and other at the middle of the rafters
Mosaic floor
Terrazzo floor
Chips floor
Marble floor
2 cm
4 cm
6 cm
8 cm
Ground level
Plinth level
Water table level
Midway ground level and water-table level
Cornice
Coping
Frieze
Lintel
9 cm × 9 cm × 9 cm
9 cm × 9 cm × 4.5 cm
9 cm × 4.5 cm × 9 cm
1.8 cm × 4.5 cm × 9 cm
Draining sub-soil water
Ramming crushed stone in soil
Driving sand piles
Watering surface of soil
Cornice
Coping
Frieze
Lintel
Header
Stretcher
Closer
None of these
Ridge board
Hip rafter
Eaves board
Valley rafter
15 cm × 15 cm × 1.8 cm
20 cm × 20 cm × 2 cm
22.5 × 22.5 cm × 2.2 cm
All the above
Rafters
Purlins
Battens
Struts
H-pile
Pipe pile
Screw pile
Disc pile
Combined footing
Raft footing
Pier footing
Strap footing
Retaining wall
Breast wall
Buttress
Parapet wall
3.5 m or less
3.5 m but less than 5 m
5 m but less than 6.5 m
6.5 m but less than 8 m
English bond
Flemish bond
Russian band
Mixed bond
5 cm
10 cm
15 cm
20 cm
Friction pile
Bearing pile
Friction bearing pile
Rough pile
Header
Stretcher
Closer
None of these
Grouting
Chemical action
Drainage
Compaction
(i) and (iii)
(i) and (iv)
(ii) and (iii)
(ii) and (iv)
10
12
15
No limit
Cleat
Stop
Horn
None of these
Coastal regions
Plain regions
Covering large areas
All of the above
Dubbing
Hacking
Blistering
Peeling
5 to 10 cm
15 to 20 cm
25 to 30 cm
30 to 45 cm
Cement is added to lime mortar to increase its hydraulic properties only
Lime surkhi mortar is used for pointing the walls
Lime should be slaked before preparing lime mortar
High early strength concrete is generally used in cold weather