Moisture
Density
Temperature
All of the above
D. All of the above
Free electrons
Atoms colliding frequency
Low density
Porous body
Absorptive power
Emissive power
Absorptivity
Emissivity
W/m²K
W/m²
W/mK
W/m
Convection
Radiation
Conduction
Both convection and conduction
Conduction
Convection
Radiation
None of these
Directly proportional to the surface area of the body
Directly proportional to the temperature difference on the two faces of the body
Dependent upon the material of the body
All of the above
Cold water inlet and outlet
Hot medium inlet and outlet
Hot medium outlet and cold water inlet
Hot medium outlet and cold water outlet
Increases
Decreases
Remain constant
May increase or decrease depending on temperature
Directly proportional to the surface area
Directly proportional to the difference of temperatures between the two bodies
Either (A) or (B)
Both (A) and (B)
m²/hr
m²/hr °C
kcal/m² hr
kcal/m. hr °C
More than those for liquids
Less than those for liquids
More than those for solids
Dependent on the viscosity
Velocity reduction method
Equal friction method
Static regains method
Dual or double method
Density
Coefficient of viscosity
Gravitational force
All of these
Moisture
Density
Temperature
All of the above
Increases
Decreases
Remain constant
May increase or decrease depending on temperature
P = 0, x = 0 and a = 1
P=1, x = 0, and a = 0
P = 0, T= 1, and a = 0
X = 0, a + p = 1
Same
Higher
More or less same
Very much lower
Is black in colour
Reflects all heat
Transmits all heat radiations
Absorbs heat radiations of all wave lengths falling on it
k₁ k₂
(k₁ + k₂)
(k₁ + k₂)/ k₁ k₂
2 k₁ k₂/ (k₁ + k₂)
Q = 2πkr1 r2 (T1 - T2)/ (r2 - r1)
Q = 4πkr1 r2 (T1 - T2)/ (r2 - r1)
Q = 6πkr1 r2 (T1 - T2)/ (r2 - r1)
Q = 8πkr1 r2 (T1 - T2)/ (r2 - r1)
Fourier equation
Stefan-Boltzmann equation
Newton Reichmann equation
Joseph-Stefan equation
Absolute temperature
Square of temperature
Fourth power of absolute temperature
Fourth power of temperature
Increase
Decrease
Remain unaffected
May increase/decrease depending on temperature and thickness of insulation
0.1
0.23
0.42
0.51
Stanton number
Biot number
Peclet number
Grashoff number
Added insulation will increase heat loss
Added insulation will decrease heat loss
Convective heat loss will be less than conductive heat loss
Heat flux will decrease
Wien's law
Planck's law
Stefan's law
Fourier's law
Watt/mK
Watt/m²K²
Watt/m²K4
Watt/mK²
Zeroth law of thermodynamics
First law of thermodynamics
Second law of thermodynamics
Kirchhoff's law
Improve heat transfer
Provide support for tubes
Prevent stagnation of shell side fluid
All of these