Topic: Osmotic Demyelination
Subject: Medicine
Osmotic demyelination can result when which one of the following is corrected too rapidly?
Hypocalcemia
Hypoglycemia
Hypomagnesemia
Hyponatremia
Correct Answer :
D. Hyponatremia
The adaptation that permits survival in chronic hyponatremia also makes the brain vulnerable to injury from overzealous therapy. When hyponatremia is corrected too rapidly, outpacing the brains ability to recapture lost organic osmolytes, osmotic demyelination can result. Osmotic demyelination syndrome can usually be avoided by limiting correction of chronic hyponatremia to <10- 12 mmol/L in 24 hours and to <18 mmol/L in 48 hours.
Related Questions
Topic: Seizure
Subject: Medicine
Of the following, which is the most frequent cause of seizures in the elderly?
Alcohol withdrawal
Stroke
Head trauma
Hypoglycemia
Topic: Dementia
Subject: Medicine
A 60-year-old white female presents for her annual physical examination. She tells you that since her last visit she has begun taking ginkgo biloba to improve her memory. She takes no other medications. The evidence supporting a benefit from ginkgo biloba is best for which one of the following?
Tinnitus
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Topic: Alzheimer's Disease
Subject: Medicine
Which one of the following is associated with an increased risk of developing Alzheimers disease?
A positive homozygous genotype for apolipoprotein E4
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Topic: Brown-Sequard Syndrome
Subject: Medicine
Which of the following would not be expected in a right-sided Brown-S�quard syndrome?
Right-sided hemi-paresis
Right-sided loss of proprioception
Left-sided decreased sensitivity to pinprick
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Topic: Huntington disease
Subject: Medicine
A 42-year-old white male is brought to your department by his wife because of the progressive loss of his mental abilities, irritability, and some irregular involuntary movements of his hands. She says that she can remember when they were newlyweds, her husbands father had a similar condition at the age of 45 and he died few years later because there was not much doctors could do for him back then. She wants to know if their children may eventually develop a similar condition in the future. None in her family has ever had this type of condition. Which of the following would be the most appropriate answer?
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If one child develops the disease, siblings are not at risk
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Topic: Alzheimer's Disease
Subject: Medicine
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Trisomy 18
Head trauma
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Subject: Medicine
A 52-year-old male with a history of seizure attacks suffered from loss of consciousness and tonic-clonic muscular contractions. His tongue fell back into his throat and he choked.
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Subject: Medicine
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Subject: Medicine
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Subject: Medicine
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Subject: Medicine
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Subject: Medicine
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Subject: Medicine
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Subject: Medicine
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Subject: Medicine
A 68-year-old man with a history of urolithiasis, suffered from a seizure attack which involved loss of consciousness with tonic and clonic muscular contractions. His tongue fell back into his throat and he choked.
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Phenytoin
Topiramate
Carbamazepine
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Subject: Medicine
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Subject: Medicine
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Foley catheterization
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Topic: Seizure
Subject: Medicine
A 36-year-old male with a history of a seizure disorder is brought to the emergency department with generalized tonic-clonic activity. Emergency medical personnel report this has been ongoing for 20 minutes.
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Subject: Medicine
A previously alert, otherwise healthy 74-year-old black male has a history of slowly developing progressive memory loss and dementia associated with urinary incontinence and gait disturbance resembling ataxia.
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Subject: Medicine
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Propofol (Diprivan)
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Subject: Medicine
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Hydroxyzine
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Clonidine
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Subject: Medicine
A 36-year-old female presents with the sudden onset of severe headache, nausea, and photophobia. Her level of consciousness is progressively diminishing. Which one of the following would be the most appropriate next step?
Head CT without contrast
Head CT with contrast
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Topic: Absence Seizures
Subject: Medicine
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Ethosuximide
Phenobarbital
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Topic: Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus
Subject: Medicine
An 81-year-old female is brought to your office by her son. He reports a decrease in his mothers memory and prolonged delays in her responses to questions. She also has developed urinary incontinence. MRI shows dilated ventricles, but no other pathology, and a lumbar puncture reveals a normal opening pressure.
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Subject: Medicine
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It is too late to initiate cholinesterase therapy
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Subject: Medicine
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Levodopa
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Subject: Medicine
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