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Current Affairs January 2024

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4

Topic: Temporal Arteritis
Subject: Medicine
A 70-year-old woman returns to the office because of aching and weakness in her arms to the point where she cannot lift her arm to brush her hair. Physical examination shows no muscle tenderness or other evidence of joint disease in both arms. The aching improves when she takes the prescribed nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID). She also describes tenderness over the right temporal area of her scalp. Physical examination of the scalp shows no lesions.
Which of the following is the most appropriate next step?

A. Increase the dose of the NSAID

B. Order determination of erythrocyte sedimentation rate

C. Order determination of serum rheumatoid factor

D. Order x-ray films of the cervical spine

Correct Answer :

B. Order determination of erythrocyte sedimentation rate


The tenderness over the right temporal area of the patients scalp is worrisome for temporal arteritis, which is often associated with an elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate. Prompt treatment with steroids is often indicated to prevent blindness. The diagnosis can be established with a temporal artery biopsy. Increasing her dose of NSAIDs is incorrect. The most common treatments for pain are the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, or NSAIDs. If this is ineffective, oral steroids such as prednisone should be started. Since this patient does not have signs or symptoms consistent with any type of arthritis (no joint disease; arthritis is a disease of joints), a serum RF is not useful. A radiograph of the cervical spine is not indicated here as this patient does not describe radicular symptoms that could be attributed to compression of single nerve root. Rather, her symptoms are of generalized weakness. This is not a symptom that a cervical disc could be responsible for.

Related Questions

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4

Topic: Brain Death
Subject: Medicine
A 30 year old man has been on life support systems for the past 48 hours following blunt head trauma. Brain death cannot be established in this patient if there is the presence of which of the following?

A. Carotid blood flow

B. Cremasteric reflexes

C. Elevated serum aminoglycoside concentrations

D. Hypothermia

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4

Topic: Temporal Lobe Lesion
Subject: Medicine
A 40 year old man presents with sporadically occurring behaviour automatisms and olfactory hallucinations. Which one of the following is the most likely diagnosis?

A. Schizophrenia

B. Schizophreniform psychosis

C. Hysterical personality disorder

D. Temporal lobe lesion

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4

Topic: Seizure
Subject: Medicine
A 52-year-old male with a history of seizure attacks suffered from loss of consciousness and tonic-clonic muscular contractions. His tongue fell back into his throat and he choked.
What is the medication of choice for the treatment of this patient's condition?

A. Phenytoin

B. Valproic acid

C. Tiagabine

D. Phenobarbital

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4

Topic: Seizure
Subject: Medicine
A 75-year-old male is brought to your office 1 month after a stroke that involved the left anterior cerebral artery, manifested by leg weakness, initial incontinence, and slowness in mentation. He experienced seizure activity on the second day after his stroke, but this was controlled by phenytoin (Dilantin). He has improved significantly and is now ambulatory. His family states that he now has episodic confusion, sleepiness, and clumsiness, which is preceded by paresthesias and dizziness, although no tonicclonic activity has been noted. He remains very drowsy for several hours after these episodes. He was wearing a cardiac monitor during one episode, but it showed nothing remarkable. His phenytoin level is therapeutic, and a CBC, metabolic profile, and magnesium level are all normal.
Which one of the following would be the most appropriate next step?

A. Discontinue the phenytoin

B. Add phenobarbital to the phenytoin

C. Begin bupropion (Wellbutrin)

D. Begin lamotrigine (Lamictal)

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4

Topic: Adverse Drug Effect
Subject: Medicine
A 68-year-old man with a history of urolithiasis, suffered from a seizure attack which involved loss of consciousness with tonic and clonic muscular contractions. His tongue fell back into his throat and he choked. He is treated with valproic acid.
What are the most common side effects caused by this medication?

A. Weight gain

B. Rash

C. Nausea and headache

D. Tardive dyskinesia

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4

Topic: Guillain-Barr� syndrome
Subject: Medicine
Guillain-Barr� syndrome is not associated with which of the following?

A. Proximal muscle weakness

B. Areflexia

C. Infection with C. jejuni

D. Treatment with corticosteroids

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4

Topic: Absence Seizures
Subject: Medicine
The treatment of choice for absence seizures is:

A. Lamotrigine

B. Ethosuximide

C. Phenobarbital

D. Phenytoin

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4

Topic: Amnesia
Subject: Medicine
Which of the following medications may cause amnesia as a side effect?

A. Hydroxyzine

B. Fluoxetine

C. Triazolam

D. Clonidine

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4

Topic: Korsakoff's Psychosis
Subject: Medicine
In a patient with recent onset of alcohol amnestic disorder, the mental status test most likely to be done poorly is memory of:

A. Political figures of 10 years ago

B. Digits (forward)

C. His own name

D. Three items for 5 minutes

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4

Topic: Alzheimer's Disease
Subject: Medicine
Which one of the following has NOT been identified as a risk factor for Alzheimer-type dementia (AD)?

A. Trisomy 18

B. Head trauma

C. Advanced age

D. Obesity and hypertension

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4

Topic: Seizure
Subject: Medicine
A 68-year-old man with a history of urolithiasis, suffered from a seizure attack which involved loss of consciousness with tonic and clonic muscular contractions. His tongue fell back into his throat and he choked.
Which of the following medications is contraindicated in this patient's treatment?

A. Levetiracetam

B. Phenytoin

C. Topiramate

D. Carbamazepine

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4

Topic: MMSE
Subject: Medicine
The Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) tests for:

A. Mood

B. Behavior

C. Intelligence quotient

D. Cognitive function

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4

Topic: Alzheimer's Disease
Subject: Medicine
Which one of the following is most predictive of the progression from mild cognitive impairment to frank Alzheimers dementia?

A. Self-reported memory deficits

B. Memory deficits reported by a family member

C. A normal MRI scan of the brain

D. The absence of the apolipoprotein E4 allele

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4

Topic: Mini Mental Status Exam (or MMSE)
Subject: Medicine
While performing the Mini-Mental State Exam the PCP asks her patient to copy the following design. What cognitive function is being assessed by this request?

A. Language

B. Orientation

C. Registration

D. Visual-motor integrity

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4

Topic: Essential Tremor
Subject: Medicine
Which one of the following is most likely to be of benefit in patients with essential tremor of the hand?

A. Isoniazid

B. Diazepam

C. Primidone

D. Clonidine

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4

Topic: Guillain-Barr� syndrome
Subject: Medicine
A 43-year-old man presents 2 weeks after you see him for infectious diarrhea caused by C. jejuni. He has now developed bilateral proximal lower limb weakness and bilateral distal parasthesia and decreased ankle tendon reflex.
What is the most likely diagnosis?

A. Guillain-Barr� syndrome

B. Multiple Sclerosis

C. Myasthenia Gravis

D. Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

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4

Topic: Seizure
Subject: Medicine
A 52-year-old male with a history of seizure attacks suffered from loss of consciousness and tonic and clonic muscular contractions. His tongue fell back into the throat and he choked. What is the most likely diagnosis of this presentation?

A. Petit mal seizure

B. Grand mal seizure

C. Myoclonic seizure

D. Atonic seizure

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4

Topic: Temporal Arteritis
Subject: Medicine
A 70-year-old woman returns to the office because of aching and weakness in her arms to the point where she cannot lift her arm to brush her hair. Physical examination shows no muscle tenderness or other evidence of joint disease in both arms. The aching improves when she takes the prescribed nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID). She also describes tenderness over the right temporal area of her scalp. Physical examination of the scalp shows no lesions.
Which of the following is the most appropriate next step?

A. Increase the dose of the NSAID

B. Order determination of erythrocyte sedimentation rate

C. Order determination of serum rheumatoid factor

D. Order x-ray films of the cervical spine

What is the correct answer?

4

Topic: Trigeminal Neuralgia
Subject: Medicine
A 55-year-old man complains of extremely severe, sharp, shooting pain in his face. He describes the episodes as being like a bolt of electricity that are brought about by touching a specific area, last about 60 seconds, and occur many times during the day. Neurologic examination is completely normal, but it is noted that part of his face is unshaven because he fears to touch that area. Gadoliniumenhanced MRI shows no abnormalities of the trigeminal nerve.
Which of the following is the most appropriate initial treatment?

A. Anticonvulsants

B. Aspirin

C. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs

D. Vasoconstrictors

What is the correct answer?

4

Topic: Alzheimer's Disease
Subject: Medicine
Which one of the following is associated with an increased risk of developing Alzheimers disease?

A. A positive homozygous genotype for apolipoprotein E4

B. Elevated serum aluminum

C. Elevated serum alpha-tocopherol

D. Decreased serum Beta-carotene

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4

Topic: Neurologic pain
Subject: Medicine
A 21-year-old man presented to the emergency hospital with severe abdominal pain. The pain started four hour ago. His medical history reveals Acute Intermittent Porphyria (AIP) and he used to have frequent attacks of abdominal pain and believes that this attack is no different. On examination, the patient is in acute pain and slightly feverish but not pale, jaundiced or cyanosed. However, his blood pressure is found to be high and he has tachycardia.
You should consider a diagnosis other than an AIP attack if the pain is associated with:

A. Constipation

B. Tenderness

C. Abdominal distension

D. Decreased bowel sounds

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4

Topic: Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
Subject: Medicine
A 25-year-old male presents 5 hours after the onset of the worst headache of my life. His temperature is 37.0°C (98.6°F), blood pressure 140/90 mm Hg, respiratory rate 20/min, and pulse rate 90 beats/min. The patient is lethargic but oriented; there are no focal neurologic findings, but neck stiffness is present. Unenhanced CT of the head is negative. You elect to perform a lumbar puncture. At this time, which one of the following findings in bloody spinal fluid would indicate a diagnosis of subarachnoid hemorrhage?

A. Yellow-orange cerebrospinal fluid supernatant

B. A WBC:RBC ratio of 1/1000

C. A protein (g/L) to RBC (count/L) of 1/1000

D. A glucose level below 2.2 mmol/L

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4

Topic: Heatstroke
Subject: Medicine
A 72-year-old male is brought to your office by a friend because of increasing confusion, irritability, and difficulty walking. This began shortly after the patients car broke down and he had to walk a mile to get to a phone and call the friend. The temperature outdoors has been near 39.5°C (100°F).
On examination you note a rectal temperature of 39.5°C (103.1°F). His pulse rate is 110 beats/min and his blood pressure is 100/60 mm Hg.
Which one of this patients findings indicates that he has heatstroke rather than heat exhaustion?

A. Confusion

B. Sweating

C. His temperature

D. His heart rate

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4

Topic: Analgesics
Subject: Medicine
A 74-year-old black female has moderately severe pain due to osteoarthritis. However, she is also on medication for a seizure disorder. When choosing medications to manage her chronic pain, which one of the following should be used with caution because of her history of seizures?

A. Salsalate (Disalcid)

B. Celecoxib (Celebrex)

C. Hydrocodone (Lortab)

D. Tramadol (Ultram)

What is the correct answer?

4

Topic: Brain Death
Subject: Medicine
A 57-year-old white male with coronary artery disease suffered a cardiac arrest while jogging 10 days ago. He was resuscitated after 45 minutes but has remained unresponsive and on a ventilator since then.
Which one of the following is required to diagnose brain death in this patient?

A. Hypothermia

B. Continuous mechanical ventilation

C. The absence of spontaneous body movements

D. Electroencephalographic confirmation

What is the correct answer?

4

Topic: Dementia
Subject: Medicine
All of the following dementias can benefit from specific treatments, except:

A. Normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH)

B. Alzheimers disease

C. Sarcoidosis

D. Creutzfeldt Jakob disease

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4

Topic: Alzheimer's Disease
Subject: Medicine
Which one of the following tests is most useful for the initial workup of suspected Alzheimers disease?

A. Carotid Doppler ultrasonography

B. An erythrocyte sedimentation rate

C. A cardiac stress test

D. A TSH level

What is the correct answer?

4

Topic: Brain Death
Subject: Medicine
A 35 year old man has been on life support systems for the past 48 hours following blunt head trauma. Which of the following is the most important criterion to declare the patient brain dead and to permit removal of life support systems?

A. Bedside EEG showing no electrical activity

B. Decorticate and decerebrate posturing

C. Failure to respond to electroconvulsive stimuli

D. Glasgow coma score of 3 or less

What is the correct answer?

4

Topic: Status Epilepticus
Subject: Medicine
Which one of the following should be given intravenously in the initial treatment of status epilepticus?

A. Propofol (Diprivan)

B. Phenobarbital

C. Lorazepam (Ativan)

D. Midazolam (Versed)

What is the correct answer?

4

Topic: Benign Positional Vertigo
Subject: Medicine
Which one of the following is characteristic of benign positional vertigo?

A. A duration of 10-15 minutes

B. Associated hearing loss and tinnitus

C. Associated diplopia and facial numbness

D. Being triggered by turning the head