prominent columns of Bertin
xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis
lymphoma
renal infarction
A. prominent columns of Bertin
preparation for donor nephrectomy
advanced RCC in the right kidney
renal artery stenosis
oncocytoma in the left kidney
can be mistaken for a ureteral stone
is a small single, usually spiky, calcification within a vein
the amount of phleboliths increases with age
appears more often on the left than on the right side of the pelvis
hyperechoic
hypoechoic
isoechoic
anechoic
hypoechoic
hyperechoic
anechoic
isoechoic
mechanical waves
radar waves
microwaves
radio waves
epinephrine
atropine
hydrocortisone
antihistamine
high signal on T1-weighted images
high signal on T2-weighted images
low signal on T1-weighted images
none of the above
reliable tool to exclude urinary calculi
calcifications at renal area might lead to the discovery of renal cancers
can detect soft tissues
fecoliths and phleboliths could be mistaken for calculi
RCC
metastases
angiomyolipoma
oncocytoma
class 1
class 2
class 3
class 4
take urine acidifiers
withhold metformin the day before the study and restart 48 hrs. later
get premedicated by steroids and antihistamines
decrease metformin dose and turn to insulin
peripheral zone of the prostate
ejaculatory duct
tip of the right seminal vesicle
tip of the left lateral lobe of the prostate
RCC
metastases
angiomyolipoma
oncocytoma
MRI
CT
ultrasound
all are comparable
0 minute
5 minutes
10 minutes
renal parenchyma does not appear on IVU
to evaluate ejaculatory duct obstruction in infertility case
to screen for prostate cancers
to take prostate biopsies
to place interstitial radiotherapy seeds
unilateral hydrocele
bilateral varicocele
calcifications at the renal area on plain KUB film
painless hematuria
epididymal cysts
testicular tumors
renal stones
penile vasculature
forniceal rupture
drained renal pelvis
high urine output
acute obstruction
evaluating a probable bladder rupture
evaluating a probable colovesical or vesicovaginal fistulae
evaluating a probable intravesical pathology
evaluating a probable bladder diverticula
embolizing the non-target artery might occur
severe pain at the renal area could occur
complications depend on the embolic agent
reactive left pulmonary edema
prominent columns of Bertin
xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis
lymphoma
renal infarction
extension of the tumor to the diaphragm
extension of the tumor to the right atrium
the density of calcifications
the amount and bilaterality of cysts formation
non-seminomatous germ cell tumors
acute bleed on top of old hematoma
mature teratoma
sex cord stromal tumors
bleeding angiomyolipomas
an alternative to nephrectomy in severe uncontrolled hypertension among patients with end-stage renal disease
renal artery aneurysms or symptomatic AV malformations
all of the above
nuclear medicine
ultrasonography
X-ray fluoroscopy
intravenous urography
hydrocalicosis
extrarenal pelvis
parapelvic cyst
class 2 Bosniak renal cyst
malunion of lumbar and/or sacral vertebral bodies
pelvic bone diastasis
sacral agenesis
fracture of anterior pubic rami
air
water
fat
bone
renal tuberculosis
renal abscess
renal cell carcinoma
angiomyolipoma