non-seminomatous germ cell tumors
acute bleed on top of old hematoma
mature teratoma
sex cord stromal tumors
C. mature teratoma
diseases affecting the proximal convoluted tubules inhibit DMSA uptake
it is ideal to assess UPJ obstruction in adults
gentamicin and cisplatin inhibit the DMSA uptake
it allows better assessment of differential renal function
DTPA provides better quality images with renal insufficiency
by giving captopril, MAG3 plasma clearance declines in hypertensive patients with renal artery stenosis but rises in those who do not have the disease
DTPA provides an excellent measurement of GFR
in pediatrics, MAG3 provides better quality images than DTPA
preparation for donor nephrectomy
advanced RCC in the right kidney
renal artery stenosis
oncocytoma in the left kidney
evaluating a probable bladder rupture
evaluating a probable colovesical or vesicovaginal fistulae
evaluating a probable intravesical pathology
evaluating a probable bladder diverticula
RCC
metastases
angiomyolipoma
oncocytoma
ejaculatory duct
vas deferens
seminal vesicles
rectal wall
hypoechoic
hyperechoic
anechoic
isoechoic
RCC
metastases
angiomyolipoma
oncocytoma
evaluation of probable ureteral obstruction
in conjunction with ureteroscopy
evaluation of hematuria
evaluation of probable ureterovesical reflux
peripheral zone of the prostate
ejaculatory duct
tip of the right seminal vesicle
tip of the left lateral lobe of the prostate
repeated febrile UTI in children
evaluating a probable posterior urethral valve
a & b
none of the above
an elimination T ½ < 10 minutes indicates obstructed system
the diuretic must be given at the maximum kidney activity
If ureteral stents are in place, the bladder catheter must be unclamped
99mTc-MAG3 is the agent of choice to study differential renal function and obstruction
grey-scale
simultaneous bilateral views
color Doppler
power Doppler
end-stage renal failure kidneys look small and hypoechoic
it is more accurate on diagnosing cystic lesions than solid masses
it is able to detect tumors as small as 2 mm
cortical carbuncle might be mistaken for hydronephrosis
seminoma
embryonal cell tumor
mixed germ cell tumor
epidermoid cyst
epididymal cysts
testicular tumors
renal stones
penile vasculature
more than 30 mL/min/1.73 m2
more than 60 mL/min/1.73 m2
more than 90 mL/min/1.73 m2
none of the above
mechanical waves
radar waves
microwaves
radio waves
0 minute
5 minutes
10 minutes
renal parenchyma does not appear on IVU
unilateral hydrocele
bilateral varicocele
calcifications at the renal area on plain KUB film
painless hematuria
Its uptake by glomerular filtration is almost 100%
It helps evaluate cortical structure and morphology
It provides a static picture of kidneys when compared to MAG3
it binds to the sulfhydryl groups in proximal tubules resulting in much higher resolution pinhole SPECT imaging
hippuran I-131
technetium-99m
gallium-67
indium-111labelled WBC
epinephrine
atropine
hydrocortisone
antihistamine
extension of the tumor to the diaphragm
extension of the tumor to the right atrium
the density of calcifications
the amount and bilaterality of cysts formation
embolizing the non-target artery might occur
severe pain at the renal area could occur
complications depend on the embolic agent
reactive left pulmonary edema
forniceal rupture
drained renal pelvis
high urine output
acute obstruction
the classic blue dot sign
thick, short, edematous spermatic cord
absence of intratesticular blood flow
increased epididymal blood flow
hydrocalicosis
extrarenal pelvis
parapelvic cyst
class 2 Bosniak renal cyst
DTPA
DMSA
gallium-67
MAG-3
class 1
class 2
class 3
class 4