MRI
CT
ultrasound
all are comparable
A. MRI
embolizing the non-target artery might occur
severe pain at the renal area could occur
complications depend on the embolic agent
reactive left pulmonary edema
0 minute
5 minutes
10 minutes
renal parenchyma does not appear on IVU
can be mistaken for a ureteral stone
is a small single, usually spiky, calcification within a vein
the amount of phleboliths increases with age
appears more often on the left than on the right side of the pelvis
blood clot
fibro-epithelial polyp
sloughed renal papilla
all of the above
evaluation of probable ureteral obstruction
in conjunction with ureteroscopy
evaluation of hematuria
evaluation of probable ureterovesical reflux
small non-obstructive calculi might be missed at MRU performed for the evaluation of hematuria
in pediatrics, performing a dynamic contrast-enhanced imaging helps in evaluating crossing vessels in the setting of UPJ obstruction
the success of static-fluid MR urography depends on the presence of fluid within the urinary system regardless of renal function
MRU at 3T, carries the risk of nephrogenic systemic fibrosis
mechanical waves
radar waves
microwaves
radio waves
dark
intermediate
bright
none of the above
repeated febrile UTI in children
evaluating a probable posterior urethral valve
a & b
none of the above
class 1
class 2
class 3
class 4
seminoma
embryonal cell tumor
mixed germ cell tumor
epidermoid cyst
using bladder scanner
measuring the voided urine
using abdominal ultrasonography
performing urinary catheterization
to evaluate ejaculatory duct obstruction in infertility case
to screen for prostate cancers
to take prostate biopsies
to place interstitial radiotherapy seeds
hydrocalicosis
extrarenal pelvis
parapelvic cyst
class 2 Bosniak renal cyst
hyperechoic
hypoechoic
isoechoic
anechoic
air
water
fat
bone
an elimination T ½ < 10 minutes indicates obstructed system
the diuretic must be given at the maximum kidney activity
If ureteral stents are in place, the bladder catheter must be unclamped
99mTc-MAG3 is the agent of choice to study differential renal function and obstruction
unilateral hydrocele
bilateral varicocele
calcifications at the renal area on plain KUB film
painless hematuria
renal tuberculosis
renal abscess
renal cell carcinoma
angiomyolipoma
MRI
CT
ultrasound
all are comparable
Its uptake by glomerular filtration is almost 100%
It helps evaluate cortical structure and morphology
It provides a static picture of kidneys when compared to MAG3
it binds to the sulfhydryl groups in proximal tubules resulting in much higher resolution pinhole SPECT imaging
hypoechoic
hyperechoic
anechoic
isoechoic
The higher the frequency, the deeper tissue penetration
The higher the frequency, the better the axial resolution
low-frequency transducers are of 6 to 10 MHz
the deeper tissue penetration, the better axial resolution
DTPA provides better quality images with renal insufficiency
by giving captopril, MAG3 plasma clearance declines in hypertensive patients with renal artery stenosis but rises in those who do not have the disease
DTPA provides an excellent measurement of GFR
in pediatrics, MAG3 provides better quality images than DTPA
malunion of lumbar and/or sacral vertebral bodies
pelvic bone diastasis
sacral agenesis
fracture of anterior pubic rami
obstruction of the upper urinary tract may increase renal pelvis pressure and delay or decrease pelvis peristaltic rates
measured by color Doppler flow mapping in transverse scans at the suprapubic region
patients with ureteral stents are the ideal
adequate hydration is necessary
more than 30 mL/min/1.73 m2
more than 60 mL/min/1.73 m2
more than 90 mL/min/1.73 m2
none of the above
coning at the bulbar urethra is normal
segmental narrowing at bulbar urethra is normal
multiple round filling defects could be air bubbles
indicated in urethral trauma cases
preparation for donor nephrectomy
advanced RCC in the right kidney
renal artery stenosis
oncocytoma in the left kidney
high signal on T1-weighted images
high signal on T2-weighted images
low signal on T1-weighted images
none of the above